Mpox Recrudescence after SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection in a Patient with AIDS.

People living with HIV (PLWH) are known to exhibit more severe or prolonged symptoms of mpox (formerly monkeypox). However, the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on PLWH with mpox has not been adequately described. We report a case of mpox in an AIDS patient who had recurrent symptoms due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Corrigendum: Six-month humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine among people living with HIV.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.

Pentacyclic triterpenes as bioactive compounds isolated from L. f. acting against the Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is a significant concern due to its high prevalence and the limitations of current treatments. In our research, we investigated , a medicinal plant traditionally used for headaches, to identify active compounds with potential anti-Alzheimer's effects. Three pentacyclic triterpenes were isolated through column chromatography and characterised from the dichloromethane/methanol extract from (DCMEMf), with (3)-3-hydroxy-11-oxours-12-en-28-oic acid () showing the highest activity in the HMC3 and SVG p12 cell lines.

People living with HIV with the Omicron variant infection have milder COVID-19 symptoms: results from a cross-sectional study.

Background: China braces for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surge after adjusting the "zero COVID" strategy. We aimed to evaluate and compare the prevalence of clinical symptoms of the Omicron variant infection among people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV-free people.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, in December 2022 by a self-administered online survey during the Omicron wave.

Life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding caused by cytomegalovirus-induced duodenal ulcer in a patient with AIDS: A case report.

Background: The reasons for gastrointestinal bleeding among patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were complex. Here we present an unusual case of life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding caused by a cytomegalovirus-induced duodenal ulcer in an AIDS patient.

Case Presentation: A 31-year-old male with AIDS was admitted on July 18, 2023, complaining of abdominal pain for 38 days and intermittent hematochezia for 12 days.

Microbiomes detected by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing among patients with and without HIV with suspected central nervous system infection.

Background: Opportunistic infections in the central nervous system (CNS) can be a serious threat to people living with HIV. Early aetiological diagnosis and targeted treatment are crucial but difficult. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has significant advantages over traditional detection methods.

Case Report: Giant Oral Ulcers Attributed to Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Patient with AIDS.

Oral ulcers are often neglected in patients with AIDS. However, giant oral ulcers are uncommon and are usually suspected to be malignant lesions. Our study presents a case of giant ulcers in an AIDS patient that were initially suspected to be oral cancer.

Are people living with HIV have a low vulnerability to omicron variant infection: results from a cross-sectional study in China.

Background: A surge of more than 80 million Omicron variant infected cases was reported in China less than a month after the "zero COVID" strategy ended on December 7, 2022. In this circumstance, whether people living with HIV (PLWH) in China experience a similar risk is not clear.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Wuchang District of Wuhan between December 20, 2022, and January 18, 2023 through a self-administered online survey.

Characterization of peripheral cytokine-secreting cells responses in HIV/TB co-infection.

Background: Currently the responses of peripheral cytokine-secreting cells in the natural course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection haven't been fully elucidated.

Methods: The function of peripheral proinflammatory, regulatory and cytotoxic cytokine-secreting cells were investigated by direct intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) and flow cytometry, additionally, the absolute numbers of different cytokine-secreting cells were measured among patients with HIV/TB co-infection (HT group), and compared them with the healthy controls (HC group), patients with TB (TB group) and patients with HIV infection (HIV group). After one week's anti-TB treatment, the changes of the percentages of cytokine-secreting cells were further evaluated in TB and HT groups.

Microbiomes Detected by Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing among HIV-Infected and Uninfected Patients with Pulmonary Infection.

Comparison of lung microbiomes between HIV-infected and uninfected patients with pulmonary infection by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has not been described in China. The lung microbiomes detected in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) by mNGS among HIV-infected and uninfected patients with pulmonary infection were reviewed in the First Hospital of Changsha between January 2019 and June 2022. In total, 476 HIV-infected and 280 uninfected patients with pulmonary infection were enrolled.

A tale of two conditions: when people living with HIV meet three doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines.

Background: Currently, data on long-term immune responses to a homogenous booster dose of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine are still limited among people living with HIV (PLWH).

Methods: A prospective cohort study with a 13-month follow-up was conducted in China between March 2021 and August 2022 to evaluate the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and cellular immunity against three doses of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine from before the first dose until 6 months after the booster dose vaccination among PLWH in comparison to healthy controls (HC).

Results: 43 PLWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 23 HC were enrolled.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with antiretroviral therapy initiated before pregnancy and during pregnancy: a retrospective study in Hubei province, China.

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation before pregnancy was reported to have an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) than ART initiation during pregnancy. However, the risks of APOs associated with different ART regimens initiated before or during pregnancy remain unknown.

Methods: Pregnant women living with HIV (PWLHIV) from Hubei Province, China, were retrospectively enrolled between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2021.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing versus traditional laboratory methods for the diagnosis of central nervous system opportunistic infections in HIV-infected Chinese adults.

To evaluate clinical value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) who had CNS disorders. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 48 PLWHA presenting with CNS disorders were sequenced using mNGS and compared with clinical conventional diagnostic methods. In total, 36/48 ss(75%) patients were diagnosed with pathogen(s) infection by mNGS, and the positive detection proportion by mNGS was higher than that by clinical conventional diagnostic methods (75% vs 52.

Humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination at the 3rd month among people living with HIV.

Background: Research on the immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among people living with HIV (PLWH) is limited, especially among those with low CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4 cell) count. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH compared to HIV negative controls (HNCs) and to determine the impact of CD4 cell count on vaccine response among PLWH.

Methods: The neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and the specific IgM and IgG-binding antibody responses to the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine at the third month after the second dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination were measured among 138 PLWH and 35 HNCs.

Phenotype and function of peripheral blood γδ T cells in HIV infection with tuberculosis.

Background: Although γδ T cells play an essential role in immunity against (HIV) or (MTB), they are poorly described in HIV infection with tuberculosis (TB).

Methods: The phenotypic and functional properties of peripheral blood γδ T cells in patients with HIV/TB co-infection were analyzed compared to healthy controls and patients with HIV mono-infection or TB by direct intracellular cytokine staining (ICS).

Results: The percentage of Vδ subset in HIV/TB group was significantly higher than that in TB group, while the decreased frequency of the Vδ and VγVδ subsets were observed in HIV/TB group than in TB group.

Frequency and functional profile of circulating TCRαβ double negative T cells in HIV/TB co-infection.

Background: Increased frequency of circulating double negative T (DNT, CD4CD8CD3) cells with protective immune function has been observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis (TB). Here the role of circulating TCRαβ DNT cells was further investigated in HIV/TB co-infection.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the frequency and functional profiles of peripheral TCRαβ DNT cells including apoptosis, chemokine and cytokine expression among healthy individuals and patients with TB, HIV infection and HIV/TB co-infection by cell surface staining and intracellular cytokine staining combined with flow cytometry.

Six-month humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine among people living with HIV.

Longitudinal humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccines among people living with HIV (PLWH) have not yet been systematically investigated. We conducted a 6-month longitudinal study among vaccinated PLWH and HIV-Negative Controls (HNC) to determine whether the humoral immune response effects of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine are different between the two groups of people. Totally, 46 PLWH and 38 HNC who received the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine on days 0 and 28 were enrolled.

Humoral Immune Response to Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccination at the 3rd Month among People Living with HIV.

Research on the immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among people living with HIV (PLWH) is limited, especially among those with low CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4 cell) count. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH compared to HIV negative controls (HNC) and to determine the impact of CD4 cell count on vaccine response among PLWH. The neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and the specific IgM and IgG-binding antibody responses to the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine at the third month after the second dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination were measured among 138 PLWH and 35 HNC.

Immune response and safety to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: a comparison between people living with HIV and HIV-naive individuals.

Background: Multi-types COVID-19 vaccines have shown safety and efficacy against COVID-19 in adults. Although current guidelines encourage people living with HIV (PLWH) to take COVID-19 vaccines, whether their immune response to COVID-19 vaccines is distinct from HIV-free individuals is still unclear.

Methods: Between March to June 2021, 48 PLWH and 40 HNC, aged 18 to 59 years, were enrolled in the study in Wuchang district of Wuhan city.

The Role of CD4CD8 T Cells in HIV Infection With Tuberculosis.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important opportunistic infection in acquired immunodeficiency diseases (AIDS). Although the frequency of CD4CD8 double-positive (DP) T cells has been observed to increase in pathological conditions, their role (phenotypic and functional) is poorly described, especially in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with TB (HIV/TB (HT) coinfection).

Methods: The percentage and phenotypic and functional properties of peripheral blood DP T cells in patients with HT coinfection in comparison to uninfected controls and to patients with HIV or TB mono-infection were analyzed by direct intracellular cytokine staining (ICS).

COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness Among People Living With HIV in Wuhan, China.

Vaccination is essential to controlling the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). People living with HIV (PLWH) were considered more vulnerable to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection compared with the general population. Therefore, it is urgent to protect PLWH from SARS-CoV-2 infection.