Enzymatic Ring Contraction for the Biosynthesis of Sulfur-Containing Cyclopentachromone.

Cyclopentachromone, distinguished by its 6/6/5 heterotricyclic ring structure, is a key building block in many bioactive natural products, yet its enzymatic origin remains unclear. We identified a new class of cyclopentachromone-containing compounds, termed isochromosulfines, characterized by unique C-S bonds. A distinct FAD-dependent monooxygenase, IscL, was identified to catalyze the formation of the 6/6/5 cyclopentadiene intermediate, 2-remisporine A, from a 6/6/6 xanthone precursor via benzene ring contraction.

The first case of human invasion by in the European part of Russia.

The article presents a rare case of human invasion by the trematode in the European part of Russia. The diagnosis was established based on a parasitological study of flukes removed from the tonsils and pharynx of a 42-year-old woman, a resident of the Tambov region of Russia.

eIF3j facilitates loading of release factors into the ribosome.

eIF3j is one of the eukaryotic translation factors originally reported as the labile subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF3. The yeast homolog of this protein, Hcr1, has been implicated in stringent AUG recognition as well as in controlling translation termination and stop codon readthrough. Using a reconstituted mammalian in vitro translation system, we showed that the human protein eIF3j is also important for translation termination.

GaCl-Mediated "Inverted" Formal [3 + 2]-Cycloaddition of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes to Allylic Systems.

A new process of "inverted" formal [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs) to allylic systems to give polyfunctionalized cyclopentanes has been developed. Unlike the classical version of formal [3 + 2]-cycloaddition, a DAC acts in this process as a two-carbon synthon (1,2-zwitterionic reactivity type), while an alkene acts as a three-carbon synthon. Tetramethylethylene, allylbenzenes, homoallylbenzene, terminal and internal aliphatic alkenes, and methylenecyclobutane were successfully used as alkenes.

Cascade Cleavage of Three-Membered Rings in the Reaction of D-A Cyclopropanes with 4,5-Diazaspiro[2.4]hept-4-enes: A Route to Highly Functionalized Pyrazolines.

A new cascade process for reactions of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs) with spiro[cyclopropanepyrazolines] in the presence of EtAlCl or Ga halides is reported. The action of a Lewis acid results in DAC activation and addition of the carbocationic intermediate to the azocyclopropane system of the pyrazoline with opening of the second three-membered ring and addition of a halide anion from the Lewis acid. A specific feature of this process is that one activated cyclopropane ring activates another one, and depending on the component ratio, the process can involve two DAC molecules and one pyrazoline molecule or one DAC molecule and two pyrazoline molecules.

Fluorinated Unsymmetrical N,N'-Diaryl Imidazolium Salts-New Functionalized NHC-Ligand Precursors.

An efficient and scaled-up synthesis of the imidazol-2-ylidene-based unsymmetrical NHC precursors bearing the sterically demanding hexafluoroisopropylalkoxy group [(CF ) (OR)C-] at the ortho position of the N-aryl substituent was developed. The key step of the method involved the transformation of a Mes-substituted oxazolinium tetrafluoroborate salt through the reaction with the corresponding binucleophilic fluoroalkyl-substituted aniline. The subsequent post-modification of the resulting hydroxyl-containing salt through a simple one-step O-alkylation protocol provided access to a new family of unsymmetrical fluorinated NHC precursors.

[Cytokine status of cervical mucus in women with transitory and persistent course of papillomavirus infection].

Aim: Study the levels of cytokines in cervical mucus of women with transitory and persistent course of papillomavirus infection (PVI).

Materials And Methods: Material from 122 women was studied: 32 patients in control group, 68 patients with transitory course of PVI and 52 women with persistent course of PVI. The presence or absence of high risk HPV DNA was confirmed by real time PCR.

[Application of "Gamma-knife" radiosurgery in treatment of intracranial metastases of extracranial malignant tumors].

Treatment of intracerebral metastases is one of the key problems in neurooncology. Modern methods of combined treatment do not significantly affect terms of survival. Quality of life during the whole period of treatment depends on selected tactics.