Bright daylight produces negative effects on affective and cognitive outcomes in nocturnal rats.

The daily light/dark cycle affects animals' learning, memory, and cognition. Exposure to insufficient daylight illumination negatively impacts emotion and cognition, leading to seasonal affective disorder characterized by depression, anxiety, low motivation, and cognitive impairment in diurnal animals. However, how this affects memory, learning, and cognition in nocturnal rodents is largely unknown.

Restraint stress-induced effects on learning, memory, cognition, and expression of transcripts in different brain regions of mice.

Background: Stress is one of the prevalent factors influencing cognition. Several studies examined the effect of mild or chronic stress on cognition. However, most of these studies are limited to a few behavioral tests or the expression of selected RNA/proteins markers in a selected brain region.

Seasonality in tropical birds.

The survival of offspring depends on environmental conditions. Many organisms have evolved with seasonality, characterized as initiation-termination-reinitiation of several physiological processes (i.e.

Molecular expression of clock genes in central and peripheral tissues of white-rumped munia ().

To synchronize with the fluctuating environment, organisms have evolved an endogenous time tracking mechanism referred to as the biological clock(s). This clock machinery has been identified in almost all cells of vertebrates and categorized as central and peripheral clocks. In birds, three independent circadian clocks have been identified in the hypothalamus, the pineal and the retina which interact and generate circadian time at a functional level.

Molecular and epigenetic regulation of seasonal reproduction in Terai tree frog (Polypedates teraiensis).

Seasonal breeders predominantly use photoperiod as the predictable environmental cue to time their reproduction. Terai tree frogs are long-day seasonal breeders, but the molecular mechanism is unknown. We tested the role of different photoperiodic conditions on expression levels of candidate genes involved in seasonal reproduction and epigenetic regulation.

Urban environment alter the timing of progression of testicular recrudescence in tree sparrow (Passer montanus).

Urbanization is a rapidly growing phenomenon that affects wildlife. Laboratory studies show the effects of night light on the physiology of the organisms. Limited studies have been conducted on birds in their natural habitat.

Season dependent effects of urban environment on circadian clock of tree sparrow (Passer montanus).

Great efforts have been made recently to understand the effect(s) of urban environments on the circadian and seasonal physiology of wild animals, but the mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Most laboratory studies and a few studies on animals in the wild suggest alterations occur in the physiological functions of organisms in urban habitats. Here, we addressed the effects of the interaction of seasons and urban environments on clock gene expression in three tissues of tree sparrows (Passer montanus).

High temperature attenuates testicular responses in tree sparrow (Passer montanus).

The majority of birds use environmental cues to time their reproduction. Photoperiod is the most dominant cue, but other environmental factors may play a critical role in successful reproduction. Some previous studies show the effect of temperature on the timing of nest building and reproduction.

Hypothalamus but not liver retains daily expression of clock genes during hibernation in terai tree frog ().

Circadian clock(s) allow an organism to be in synchrony with the surrounding environment and perform daily and seasonal physiological processes, including hibernation, migration, and reproduction. To cope with adverse environmental conditions, organisms have evolved various strategies. Insects undergo diapause, while some higher animals either migrate or hibernate/aestivate during unfavorable environmental conditions.

Effect of urban environment on pineal machinery and clock genes expression of tree sparrow (Passer montanus).

Increasing urbanisation is altering the physiology of wild animals and the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. We hypothesised that altering the physiology of urban organisms is due to the effect of extra light at night on the circadian clock by modulating the expression of pineal machinery and clock genes. Two experiments were performed.

Isolation, characterization, and therapeutic activity of bergenin from marlberry (Ardisia colorata Roxb.) leaf on diabetic testicular complications in Wistar albino rats.

Bergenin is one of the phytochemical constituents in marlberry (Ardisia colorata Roxb.) having antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. A.

Seasonality in terai tree frog (Polypedates teraiensis): Role of light and temperature in regulation of seasonal breeding.

Seasonality is represented as an initiation-termination-reinitiation of any physiological processes. Photoperiod is the most predictable environmental cue which organism use to time their daily physiology and seasonal functions. In natural light environmental conditions, day and night components change in terms of duration, intensity and spectrum of light available.

Daily expression of clock genes in central and peripheral tissues of tree sparrow (Passer montanus).

Almost all organisms live in a fluctuating environment. To achieve synchrony with the fluctuating environment, organisms have evolved with time-tracking mechanism commonly known as biological clocks. This circadian clock machinery has been identified in almost all cells of vertebrates and categorized as central and peripheral clocks.