Effects of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 and mucin 1 expressions on treatment response in breast cancer.

Objective: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. In the treatment of these patients, pathological complete response is defined as the absence of invasive cancer in breast or lymph node tissue after the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 and mucin 1 expressions with pathological complete response in patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Symptomatic bilateral choroid plexus xanthogranuloma in a pediatric patient.

Introduction: Central nervous system xanthogranulomas are uncommon clinical entities, and symptomatic bilateral choroid plexus xanthogranulomas are rare.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 15-year-old male patient with bilateral choroid plexus xanthogranulomas with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Gross total resection of the tumor in the left lateral ventricle was performed.

The effects of exercise on skeletal and heart muscle citrate synthase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase mRNA expressions in high-calorie fed rats.

In this study, the effect of high-calorie feeding and aerobic exercise on skeletal and cardiac muscle citrate synthase (CS), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I), and -II (CPT-II) mRNA expressions were evaluated. Genetically non-obese rats were grouped as normal-high calorie and sedentary-exercising. Gastrocnemius-soleus and heart muscles' CS, CPT-I, and CPT-II expressions and skeletal muscles' histopathological characteristics were evaluated.

Clinical Relevance and Immunohistochemical Patterns of Silent Pituitary Adenomas: 10 Years of Single-centre Experience.

Background: Silent pituitary adenomas are clinically non-functional (i.e., without clinically evident pituitary hormone production).

Prognostic significance of EGFR, MUC1 and PD-L1 expressions in cases with triple negative breast cancer.

Purpose: Twenty percent of the breast cancers are triple negative (TNBC). Despite the impressive progression in the biology of this subgroup, data is limited as compared to hormone and/or HER2 positive cases. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect the expression levels and to identify the prognostic values of MUC1, EGFR and PD-L1 in TNBC.

Insights from genotype-phenotype correlations by novel SPEG mutations causing centronuclear myopathy.

Centronuclear myopathies (CNM) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of congenital myopathies, defined histologically by increased number of fibres with centrally located nuclei, and type I fibre predominance in muscle biopsy. Myotubular myopathy, the X-linked form of CNM caused by mutations in the phosphoinositide phosphatase MTM1, is histologically characteristic since muscle fibres resemble myotubes. Here we present two unrelated patients with CNM and typical myotubular fibres in the muscle biopsy caused by mutations in striated muscle preferentially expressed protein kinase (SPEG).

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion induced diaphragm contractility dysfunction: Electrophysiological and ultrastructural study in a neonatal rat model.

Aim: To evaluate the remote effect of intestinal ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) on diaphragm contractility functions and whether administration of NAC may counteract the possible detrimental effects in an experimental neonatal rat model.

Methods: 40 Wistar rat pups were randomized into four groups; ten animals in each. Intestinal ischemia was conducted by obstructing mesentery of intestines by a silk loop.

Impacts of β-estradiol on intestinal injury in newborn rats.

Objective: Necrotizing enterocolitis has been investigated and debated extensively in recent years; however, there is still no effective treatment. The aim of this study was thus to examine the effects of β-estradiol on intestinal injury in rats.

Methods: Twenty-four newborn female rat pups were divided into three groups.

Giant axonal disease: Report of eight cases.

Background: Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is an autosomal recessive inherited progressive motor and sensory neuropathy with typical onset in early childhood. The disease is caused by GAN gene mutations on chromosome 16q24.1.

Effects of intraperitoneally administered folic acid on the healing of repaired tibial nerves in rats.

Background: Complete nerve regeneration and clinical healing remain a challenge despite considerable advances in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. To improve nerve regeneration, several experimental molecular procedures have been attempted. This study aimed to investigate the effects of folic acid on peripheral nerve healing after transection and end-to-end suture repair of the tibial nerve in rats.

Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis: a case study and review of the literature.

Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma is an uncommon tumor of the testes that usually presents as a hydrocele. Here, we present the case of one patient who did not have a history of asbestos exposure. The tumor was localized in the tunica vaginalis and was composed of three pedunculated masses macroscopically.

In situ hybridization analysis of invasive breast carcinomas with immunohistochemically negative Her-2 status (a national multicenter study).

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the rate of Her-2 gene amplification in breast cancer cases with a previous negative Her-2 result as determined by immunohistochemistry (score 0 or 1).

Material And Method: 552 cases of invasive breast carcinoma were assessed with the contribution of 9 centers. Previous immunohistochemistry score was either 0 or 1+ in all cases.

Effects of caffeine on neuronal apoptosis in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

Objective: Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in rat pups leads to strong activation of apoptosis, and apoptosis contributes significantly to cerebral damage in the perinatal period. Caffeine displays a broad array of actions on the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeine on neuronal apoptosis in a hypoxic-ischemic neonatal model.

Sweet syndrome in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma: curious lymphocyte/neutrophil fluctuations.

Unlabelled: Sweet syndrome, also referred to as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is characterized by tender, red inflammatory nodules or papules that occur in association with infection, malignancy, connective tissue disease, or following exposure to certain drugs. Here, we present Sweet syndrome in a case with small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SLL/CLL) which is a relatively rare co-occurrence.

Conflict Of Interest: None declared.

The first report of cabergoline-induced immune hemolytic anemia in an adolescent with prolactinoma.

Prolactinomas are common pituitary tumors that can cause gonadal dysfunction and infertility related to hyperprolactinemia. Dopamine agonists are the first-line treatment in these patients. Cabergoline leads to significant reduction in serum prolactin levels and tumor size in patients with prolactinoma.

PTEN, Akt, MAPK, p53 and p95 expression to predict trastuzumab resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer.

Purpose: Mutations that activate the PIK3CA oncogene and inhibit the tumor suppressor gene PTEN action are commonly found in breast tumors. Akt is a key activator of cell survival. p53 is frequently found mutated in human tumors, and mutant p53 protein actively contributes to tumorigenesis.

The effect of levetiracetam on neuronal apoptosis in neonatal rat model of hypoxic ischemic brain injury.

Background: Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) is a common cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The use of levetiracetam (LEV), as a potential neuroprotective in brain ischemia, receives an increasingly high attention, and it could have a crucial role in the regulation of epileptogenesis and neuroprotection. Potential effects of LEV on neuronal apoptosis in HIBI have not previously been reported in literature.

Impairment of peripheral nerve healing after nerve repair in rats chronically exposed to alcohol.

Background And Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chronic alcoholism on the healing of repaired peripheral nerve and muscle.

Methods: Group 1 rats (n = 9) were fed with an alcohol-free modified liquid diet (MLD) throughout the experiment and received no nerve transection or repair. Group 2 rats (n = 9) were fed the same isocaloric MLD and underwent nerve transection and repair.

Antioxidant enzyme levels in cases with gastrointesinal cancer.

Unlabelled: The aim is to evaluate the antioxidant enzyme levels in tumoral tissues and accompanying normal tissues in gastrointestinal cancer; and compare the colorectal cancer (CRC) with gastric cancer (GC).

Method: Antioxidant enzymes including glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glucose 6 phosphate dehyrogenase (G6PD) which are important for anti-oxidant functions were evaluated in fresh tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues obtained from a total of 58 patients.

Results: All the enzyme levels were higher in tumoral tissues compared to normal tissue from non-cancerous disease.

Eosinophilic myositis in calpainopathy: could immunosuppression of the eosinophilic myositis alter the early natural course of the dystrophic disease?

An 11-year-old girl with a calpain-3 gene (CAPN-3) mutation and eosinophilic myositis on muscle biopsy had high serum CK levels and eosinophil counts which showed spontaneous fluctuations. After commencement of immunosuppressive therapy reciprocal changes occurred in response to alterations in doses of the medications. Subacutely evolving and spreading muscle weakness developed during tapering of the immunosuppressive medications.

Effect of end-to-side repair of proximal nerve stumps of transected peripheral nerves on the development of neuroma (experimental study).

Objective: Neuroma is a psychologically and physically disabling problematic condition without any current standard therapy. For that reason, we investigated whether end-to-side anastomosis of the proximal end of the transected nerve into the adjacent nerve will prevent the development of neuroma in different types of nerve injuries.

Study Design: In this study, hind legs of 18 Sprague-Dawley female rats were used.

Immunoexpression of androgen receptor in the nontumorous pituitary and in adenomas.

Little information is available regarding androgen receptor immunoexpression (AR) in the normal and neoplastic human pituitary. Available experimental data links it to primarily gonadotroph cells. We undertook an immunohistochemical study of 41 autopsy-derived normal glands from patients of both sexes and all ages as well as 79 fully characterized pituitary adenomas of all types, the focus being upon AR expression in normal and neoplastic gonadotrophs.