Comparative Analysis of Ultrasound Guided Central Venous Catheterization Compared to Blind Catheterization.

Introduction: Central venous catheterization is performed by the landmark method and ultrasound guided method. The purpose of the study was to compare the success, average number of attempts, average time to return of blood, and complication rate between the two methods.

Material And Methods: This was a prospective study done in the Intensive Care Unit of the Acibadem Sistina Clinical Hospital, in Skopje.

History and development of anaesthesiology (with resuscitation and intensive medicine) in the Republic of Macedonia.

Aim: To present a chronological overview of the most important events and actors that have marked the history of anaesthesiology and intensive treatment in R. Macedonia since its beginnings in the 1950s.

Method: Retrospective study based on archive materials, published literature and jubilee publications, as well as the memories of individuals who have worked in the field of anaesthesiology in the past period.

[Effect of surgical trauma on patient nutritional status].

The acute phase response to sudden illness or trauma is one of the most basic features of the body's defenses against injury. This response includes: alterations in amino acid distribution and metabolism, an increase in acute phase globulin synthesis, increased gluconeogenesis, reductions in serum iron and zinc levels, increased serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels, as well as negative nitrogen balance. Changes in the nutritive status follow as a consequence of these changes.