Vegetative cell fusion and a new stage in the life cycle of the Aphelida (Opisthosporidia).

The aphelids, intracellular parasitoids of algae, represent a large cluster of species sister to Fungi in molecular phylogenetic trees. Sharing a common ancestor with Fungi, they are very important in terms of evolution of these groups of Holomycota. Aphelid life cycle being superficially similar to that of Chytridiomycetes is understudied.

Extreme Genome and Nervous System Streamlining in the Invertebrate Parasite Intoshia variabili.

Orthonectida is a small, rare, and in many aspects enigmatic group of organisms with a unique life cycle and a highly simplified adult free-living stage parasitizing various marine invertebrates [1, 2]. Phylogenetic relationships of Orthonectida have remained controversial for a long time. According to recent data, they are close to Annelida, specifically to Clitellata [3-5].

[Expirience introduction of quantitative analysis of chimerism after allogenic stem cell transplantation by real-time PCR with InDel polymorphism.].

Using data obtained from domestic and foreign sources, we formed a set of primers and fluorogenic probes for analyzing twentysix specific sequence polymorphisms and one reference gene. In the course of evaluating the effectiveness of real-time PCR, using the example of one of the markers (S01a), we obtained the optimal amount of DNA per reaction (70 ng), providing a resolution of at least 0.1% of the method with the ability to estimate linear chimerism.

[Clinical and neuroimaging heterogeneity of dementia with Lewy bodies].

Aim: To study clinical characteristics of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) depending on neuropsychological, neuroimaging and concomitant cerebrovascular changes as well as on the character of disease onset.

Material And Methods: Forty-five patients with DLB (25 men and 20 women, men age 72.9±7.

A one-pot approach to Δ2-isoxazolines from ketones and arylacetylenes.

The sequential reaction of ketones with arylacetylenes and hydroxylamine in the presence of KOBu(t)/DMSO followed by the treatment of the reaction mixture with H(2)O and KOH leads to Δ(2)-isoxazolines in up to 88% yield.

Transition-metal-free superbase-promoted stereoselective α-vinylation of ketones with arylacetylenes: a general strategy for synthesis of β,γ-unsaturated ketones.

A wide variety of β,γ-unsaturated ketones of E configuration have been obtained in good to excellent yields via KO(t)Bu/DMSO promoted α-vinylation of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and alkyl aromatic (heteroaromatic) ketones with diverse arylacetylenes.

Synthesis and characterisation of selected group 14 derivatives of the 2,5-(CF3)2C6H3 (Ar) ligand.

Selected group 14 tetrahalides EX(4) (E = Si, Ge or Sn; X = Cl or Br) have been reacted in various molar ratios with ArLi, where Ar = 2,5-(CF(3))(2)C(6)H(3). The compounds Ar(2)SiCl(2)1, Ar(3)SiF 3, Ar(2)Si(OH)(2)4, Ar(2)GeCl(2)7, Ar(2)Ge(Br)Ge(Br)Ar(2)8, Ar(3)SnCl 10, Ar(4)Sn 11 and Ar(3)SnBr 12 have been isolated, and characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and (19)F solution-state NMR spectroscopy.

A general synthetic strategy for the design of new BODIPY fluorophores based on pyrroles with polycondensed aromatic and metallocene substituents.

BODIPYrrole: A general strategy for the design of novel BODIPY fluorophores based on pyrroles with polycondensed aromatic and metallocene substituents has been developed. The strategy involves the acylation of the condensed substituent and treatment of the acylated derivative (as oxime) with acetylene in MOH/DMSO (M = alkali metal) to give pyrroles that were then used for assembly of the BODIPY fluorophores (see scheme).

Stereochemically inactive lone pairs in phosphorus(III) compounds: the characterisation of some derivatives with the 2,5-(CF3)2C6H3 (Ar) substituent and their complexation behaviour towards Pt(II) species.

Some new phosphorus(III) derivatives Ar(2)PX (X = Br, Cl, F or H), ArPX(2) (X = Br or Cl), Ar(3)P and Ar(t)BuPCl, with the 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl (Ar) substituent on phosphorus, have been prepared, and characterised by (31)P and (19)F NMR solution-state spectroscopy. The complexing ability of Ar(2)PX, Ar(3)P and Ar(t)BuPCl towards the dimeric platinum(II) complexes [PtY(μ-Y)(PEt(3))](2) (Y = Cl or Br, the latter for X = Br only) has also been investigated. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies at low temperature have been carried out for Ar(3)P, Ar(2)PCl and the hydrolysis or oxidation products Ar(2)P(H)OH and Ar(2)P(O)OH.

Base-catalyzed stereoselective vinylation of ketones with arylacetylenes: a new C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond-forming reaction.

Alkylaryl- and alkylheteroarylketones, including those with condensed aromatic moieties, are readily vinylated with arylacetylenes (KOH/DMSO, 100 degrees C, 1 h) to give regio- and stereoselectively the (E)-beta-gamma-ethylenic ketones ((E)-3-buten-1-ones) in 61-84% yields and with approximately 100% stereoselectivity. This vinylation represents a new C(sp(3))-C(sp(2)) bond-forming reaction of high synthetic potential.

Synthesis and optical properties of 2-(benzo[b]thiophene-3-yl)pyrroles and a new BODIPY fluorophore (BODIPY = 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene).

2-(Benzo[b]thiophene-3-yl)-1-vinylpyrrole has been synthesized directly from 3-acetylbenzo[b]thiophene oxime and acetylene (flow system, KOH-DMSO, 120 degrees C, 5 h) in 68% yield. Devinylation of the synthesized pyrrole (Hg(OAc)(2), NaBH(4), 50 degrees C) led to the corresponding 2-(benzo[b]thiophene-3-yl)pyrrole in 63% yield. Trifluoroacetylation of both the pyrroles with trifluoroacetic anhydride (80 degrees C, 1 h) gave the corresponding 5-trifluoroacetyl pyrroles in 97% and 76% yields, respectively.

Comparative analysis of hydrogen bonding with participation of the nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms in the 2(2'-heteroaryl)pyrroles and their trifluoroacetyl derivatives based on the 1H, 13C, 15N spectroscopy and DFT calculations.

The N-H...

[Some aspects of water electrolysis with the use of a solid polymer electrolyte].

Electrochemical process in cells with a solid polymer electrolyte is dependent on catalyst durability in harsh environments and catalyst sputtering technology to ensure efficient power consumption. Active polymer electrolytes will permit to reduce substantially non-productive layouts and design a cost-effective, compact and safe system generator of high-purity oxygen and hydrogen. The existing designs of combined oxide systems integrating rear-earth and earth metals with a structure of Ln3+x Me2+1-x CoO3 containing perofskites were shown to be active catalysts in cells with a solid polymer electrolyte, and the sputtering technology was proven to reduce non-productive layouts in 2 or 2.

[Improvement of organization of oxygen generation technology in a solid electrolyte electrochemical system].

Candidate methods for improving the electrochemical oxygen production by a solid-oxide electrolyte with the fluorite-type structure and oxide electrodes with the perofskite structure were analyzed. After consideration of mechanisms of oxygen-producing electrode reactions, physical-chemical properties of oxide materials and diagrams of states of substances used as an electrolyte and electrodes in solid-electrolyte systems, a qualitatively new approach to arraying an electrochemical cell with a solid oxide electrolyte and oxide electrodes was proposed.

[Method of predicting electrochemical parameters of electrodes in a liquid electrolyte oxygen regeneration system on the basis of factorial statistical analysis].

The proposed method of predicting electrochemical parameters of multicomponent oxide surfactant compositions with a perovskite structure utilizes the factorial statistical analysis. The method originated from results of experimental investigations of the effects of a variety of physical/chemical factors of the oxide crystal structure (effective radii, effective electrical resistance and total valence of ions, number of unbound d-electrons, ion fraction within the ion-valent admixture, relative deflection of ad-component radius) etc. Slope of the linear segment of polarized curve and anode potential in close-to-equilibrium conditions were chosen to be the criteria of the electrochemical activity of oxide compositions.

[Perspective oxide materials for anode of low-temperature electrochemical oxygen regeneration system].

The paper summarizes results of substantiating, selecting, developing, manufacturing and testing of oxidic multicomponent surface compositions with the perovskite structure on porous titanium matrixes proposed for use in anodes of low-temperature electrochemical systems with a liquid electrolyte. Electrochemical activity of 88 oxide layers was evaluated as a function of composition, concentration and temperature of the carbonate electrolyte, elementary content of oxidic composition, and physical/chemical characteristics of the crystal structure. It was shown that the electrode process can be controlled by changing components of the electrolyte or complexity of the multicomponent oxidic surface compositions.

[Paramagnetic form of ribonucleotide reductase in human tissues].

The paramagnetic form of ribonucleotide reductase was detected by ESR method in human cervix tissues, especially in tumor ones. The magnetic relaxation rate was proved to be slower for this form than for that in normal animal tissues having a high level of proliferative activity or in Ehrlich tumor cells studied before.

[Electron spin resonance study of the structure of the spin glass type in nodular variant of adenomyosis].

Wide ESR signals with g-factor 2.10 (B = 23 mT) and g = 3.0 (B = 80-120 mT) were recorded in the tissues of the nodular form of adenomyosis of women's uterus at the temperature range 20-300 K.

[Thermodynamics of the state of a multicomponent CO2-CO-H2O-H2-N2 gas mixture in an electrolyzer with a solid electrolyte].

The thermodynamic state of the gas mixture CO2 = CO = H2O = H2 = N2 in the cathode space of the electrolyzer containing a solid electrolyte is investigated. Calculation of the thermodynamic state makes it possible to determine the theoretical voltage of decomposition and concentration of individual components of this mixture at the outlet of the electrolyzer or each electrolytic cell as applied to various modes of operation. Knowledge of these parameters is important to build a technological scheme of a gas mixture regeneration system.

[Derivation of the working equations of a CO2-CO-H2O-H2-N2 gas mixture for the cathode space of an electrolyzer with solid electrolyte taking into account its oxygen extraction].

Equations of thermodynamic equilibrium of the gas mixture CO2-CO--H2O-H2--N2 for the cathode space of the electrolyzer containing a solid electrolyte with extracted oxygen taken into consideration were derived. Equilibrium partial gas pressures, thermal effect of reactions, theoretical voltage of dissociation (the system of equations included 11 unknown parameters) were determined. These parameters are functions of temperature, total pressure of the gas mixture, initial gas composition, and the coefficient characterizing the degree of oxygen transfer from the cathode cell to the anode cell of the electrolyzer.

[Experimental research on the process of decomposition of a CO2-CO-H2O-H2-N2 gas mixture in an electrolytic cell with a solid electrolyte].

The experimental investigation was carried out in an electrolytic cell having the form of a short tube and containing a solid electrolyte of the following composition 0.9 ZrO2-0.1 Y2O3.