Primary leptomeningeal melanomatosis successfully treated with PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab: A case report.

Rationale: Primary leptomeningeal melanoma is an extremely rare disease of the central nervous system. There are no standard treatment protocols with a poor prognosis in very few reported cases. Immunotherapy in primary brain melanoma has not been successfully applied so far.

Fulminant Fournier's gangrene in a patient with gastric cancer treated with ramucirumab and paclitaxel.

Fournier's gangrene (FG) is an uncommon form of necrotizing fasciitis, localized on the external genital organs, perianal region, and abdominal wall, accompanied by thrombosis of the feeding arteries, leading to gangrene of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, with manifestations of rapid clinical progression and multiple organ failure. Ramucirumab is a recombinant human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that binds to the extracellular binding domain of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and prevents the binding of all VEGFR ligands. The literature describes bevacizumab, aflibercept, and regorafenib associated with FG in patients with colorectal cancer.

The Appearance of 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal (HNE) in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx.

Tumor growth is associated with oxidative stress, which causes lipid peroxidation. The most intensively studied product of lipid peroxidation is 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), which is considered as a "second messenger of free radicals" that binds to proteins and acts as a growth-regulating signaling factor. The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx is associated with smoking, alcohol and infection of human papilloma virus (HPV), with increasing incidence world-wide.

Environmental and behavioural head and neck cancer risk factors.

Objectives: The high incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC), significantly associated with living environment and behaviour, can be prevented more efficiently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental and behavioural risk factors for HNC.

Methods: Using a detailed questionnaire on social status, education, living and occupational environment exposures, family cancer and lifestyle, HNC patients (103 cases, 76.

Cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy vs. cetuximab-based bioradiotherapy for p16-positive oropharyngeal cancer: an updated meta-analysis including trials RTOG 1016 and De-ESCALaTE.

Purpose: Human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is a special entity among head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Given its favorable prognosis, one of the de-escalating strategies in the treatment of OPC includes the introduction of cetuximab (C225) instead of cisplatin (CDDP) in conjunction with radiotherapy. An updated meta-analysis of published studies has been performed, which directly compared the efficacy of CDDP vs.

HPV-driven oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer in Croatia - Demography and survival.

Objectives: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Main HNSCC risk factors are tobacco, alcohol, and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) usually have different etiology, increasing incidence and often show an improved survival when compared to HPV-negative cases.

Comparison of intensity modulated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost (IMRT-SIB) and a 3-dimensional conformal parotid gland-sparing radiotherapy (ConPas 3D-CRT) in treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a mono-institutional experience.

Aim: To compare intensity modulated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost (IMRT-SIB) and a 3-dimensional conformal parotid gland-sparing radiotherapy (ConPas 3D-CRT) in treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with regard to outcomes and dose distribution to the planning target volumes (PTVs) and to the organs at risk (OARs).

Methods: The treatment records of 24 patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated with ConPas 3D-CRT or IMRT-SIB technique between May 2009 and December 2016 were assessed.

Results: The mean dose and dose to 50% parotid glands volume as well as the maximal dose to the spinal cord were significantly lower in the IMRT-SIB than in the ConPas 3-CRT group (p < 0.

Significance of stroma in biology of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

The worldwide annual incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is over 300,000 cases with a mortality rate of 48%. This cancer type accounts for 90% of all oral cancers, with the highest incidence in men over 50 years of age. A significantly increased risk of developing OSCC exists among smokers and people who consume alcohol daily.

A Rapid Biochemical and Radiological Response to the Concomitant Therapy with Temozolomide and Radiotherapy in an Aggressive ACTH Pituitary Adenoma.

. In the last eight years temozolomide (TMZ) has been used as the last-line treatment modality for aggressive pituitary tumors to be applied after the failure of surgery, medical therapy, and radiotherapy. The objective was to achieve a rapid control of tumor growth and hormone normalization with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in a patient with very aggressive ACTH pituitary adenoma.

[CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND MONITORING OF PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL AND ESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION CANCERS].

Esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers comprise histologically and biologically different malignant tumors in which the progress in the understanding of the disease has not been followed by the improvement in the survival. Diagnosis is set by tumor biopsy during endoscopy. Multimodal approaches containing surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are frequently applied in the treatment of locoregionally advanced disease.

[CLINICAL GUIDELINES FOR DIAGNOSING, TREATING AND MONITORING OF ADULT PATIENTS WITH GLIOMAS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM].

Gliomas of the central nervous system are glial cell tumors that are divided in low and high grade group. Multidisciplinary approach to treatment consists of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The type and order of treatment depend on the characteristics of the tumor and the patient.

The prognostic and predictive value of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) protein in 1288 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with platinum-based therapy: a meta-analysis.

Excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) protein has been extensively investigated as a prognostic and predictive factor for platinum-based treatment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) but with inconsistent results. We performed the present meta-analysis to better elucidate this issue in advanced HNSCC. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases.

Sudden bilateral hearing loss in gastric cancer as the only symptom of disease.

This paper reports a case of sudden bilateral deafness as the first symptom of gastric cancer, an extremely rare and atypical clinical situation. Because common signs of stomach cancer were absent, the patient was first evaluated in the Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Center, Zagreb. Only after expanded diagnostic evaluation and rapid progression of the disease in such a case is a malignant tumor suspected.

Fatal outcome of posterior "reversible" encephalopathy syndrome in metastatic colorectal carcinoma after irinotecan and fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy regimen.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiologic entity characterized by headaches, altered mental status, seizures, and visual disturbances. It can occur in many different clinical entities such as severe hypertension and pre-eclampsia, or due to cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapies. The pathogenesis of PRES is unclear, with dysregulated cerebral auto-regulation and endothelial dysfunction as important mechanisms proposed.

Treatment of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer during the last 20 years: whether any progress has been made?

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most deadly cancers in humans. Searching a PubMed database, studies published during the last 20 years, 63 publications dealing with treatment of patients were identified. Cohort studies comprised 6,609 patients with the median age 68 years (range 57-77 years).

Larynx preservation: advantages and limitations.

For a long time standard treatment approach for resectable squamous cell carcinoma of larynx was surgery with or without subsequent radiotherapy. Surgery, particulary total laryngectomy, has been associated with serious impairment of quallity of life. Between nonsurgical approaches, concurrent cisplatin based chemoradiotherapy has become a very promising treatment modality for larynx preservation.

Prognostic value of ERCC1 in head and neck carcinoma treated with definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy.

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic significance of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) expression in head and neck carcinoma patients treated with definitive radiotherapy (DR) or adjuvant radiotherapy (AR).

Methods: ERCC1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. A total of 48 patients were assessed.

[Hormonal therapy of prostate cancer: are there any dilemmas left?].

The strategy for treating prostate cancer patients depends on the assessment of disease extent, assessment of the risk of disease relapse, assessment of life expectancy, comorbidities, affinities and life-style. Since the activity and survival of prostate cancer cells is at least initially dependent on androgen stimulation, hormonal therapy is one of the several standard treatment modalities. Hormonal therapy is aimed at decreasing this androgen stimulation either by lowering androgen production or by blocking receptor binding.

Retroperitoneal and metachronous testicular germ cell tumors with different histology and teratoma growing syndrome--a case report.

It is presented a case of a 32-year-old male with the three primary tumors diagnosed within a time period of 3 years; retroperitoneal nonseminoma in 2002, retroperitoneal mature teratoma in 2004, and metachronous testicular seminoma in 2005. We discuss the unusual presentation of these three rare events occurring in the same patient without known risk factors.

Ureteral metastasis as the first and sole manifestation of gastric cancer dissemination.

Background: Isolated ureteral metastasis from gastric cancer is extremely rare.

Case Report: We describe a 50 year old man with a history of subtotal gastrectomy who presented 4 years later with an ureteral metastasis. He was asymptomatic and diagnostic tests were performed due to the elevated creatinine level disclosed incidentally.

[Sentinel lymphadenectomy in squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx and larynx].

The study included 20 patients with carcinoma of the pharynx and larynx. The incidence of metastases was compared between sentinel lymph nodes and the rest of lymph nodes in resected material. Patient inclusion criteria were primary tumor verified as squamous cell carcinoma by preoperative histopathology and negative clinical neck finding (cN0).