A Co-Association of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella parvula/dispar in Root Caries Patients and Biofilms.

Root caries in geriatric patients is a growing problem as more people are maintaining their natural teeth into advanced age. We determined the levels of various bacterial species previously implicated in root caries disease or health using quantitative real-time PCR in a pilot study of 7 patients with 1 to 4 root caries lesions per person. Levels of 12 different species on diseased roots compared to healthy (contralateral control) roots were measured.

Supernumerary tooth autotransplantation to replace missing maxillary central incisor using three-dimensional replica: A 6-year follow-up.

Introduction: Tooth autotransplantation is a viable surgical treatment option for patients with missing permanent teeth. Premolars are generally used for autotransplantation but often require extensive modifications. This case report evaluates the use of supernumerary tooth as an alternative option for premolar autotransplantation.

The oxidative fumarase FumC is a key contributor for E. coli fitness under iron-limitation and during UTI.

The energy required for a bacterium to grow and colonize the host is generated by metabolic and respiratory functions of the cell. Proton motive force, produced by these processes, drives cellular mechanisms including redox balance, membrane potential, motility, acid resistance, and the import and export of substrates. Previously, disruption of succinate dehydrogenase (sdhB) and fumarate reductase (frdA) within the oxidative and reductive tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathways in uropathogenic E.

Acinetobacter baumannii neonatal mastitis: a case report.

Introduction: Neonatal mastitis is a rare infection. When it does occur, infants younger than 2 months of age are typically affected and the majority of cases are caused by Staphylococcus aureus. We present the first reported case of neonatal mastitis caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, an unusual organism for this type of infection.

Exposure to traffic pollution, acute inflammation and autonomic response in a panel of car commuters.

Background: Exposure to traffic pollution has been linked to numerous adverse health endpoints. Despite this, limited data examining traffic exposures during realistic commutes and acute response exists.

Objectives: We conducted the Atlanta Commuters Exposures (ACE-1) Study, an extensive panel-based exposure and health study, to measure chemically-resolved in-vehicle exposures and corresponding changes in acute oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, pulmonary and systemic inflammation and autonomic response.

Multicellular bacteria deploy the type VI secretion system to preemptively strike neighboring cells.

The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) functions in bacteria as a contractile nanomachine that punctures and delivers lethal effectors to a target cell. Virtually nothing is known about the lifestyle or physiology that dictates when bacteria normally produce their T6SS, which prevents a clear understanding of how bacteria benefit from its action in their natural habitat. Proteus mirabilis undergoes a characteristic developmental process to coordinate a multicellular swarming behavior and will discriminate itself from another Proteus isolate during swarming, resulting in a visible boundary termed a Dienes line.

Associations between urban air pollution and pediatric asthma control in El Paso, Texas.

Exposure to traffic-related pollutants poses a serious health threat to residents of major urban centers around the world. In El Paso, Texas, this problem is exacerbated by the region's arid weather, frequent temperature inversions, heavy border traffic, and an aged, poorly maintained vehicle fleet. The impact of exposure to traffic pollution, particularly on children with asthma, is poorly understood.

Understanding intra-neighborhood patterns in PM2.5 and PM10 using mobile monitoring in Braddock, PA.

Background: Braddock, Pennsylvania is home to the Edgar Thomson Steel Works (ETSW), one of the few remaining active steel mills in the Pittsburgh region. An economically distressed area, Braddock exceeds average annual (>15 μg/m3) and daily (>35 μg/m3) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM2.5).

Cancer-prone mice expressing the Ki-rasG12C gene show increased lung carcinogenesis after CT screening exposures.

A >20-fold increase in X-ray computed tomography (CT) use during the last 30 years has caused considerable concern because of the potential carcinogenic risk from these CT exposures. Estimating the carcinogenic risk from high-energy, single high-dose exposures obtained from atomic bomb survivors and extrapolating these data to multiple low-energy, low-dose CT exposures using the Linear No-Threshold (LNT) model may not give an accurate assessment of actual cancer risk. Recently, the National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST) reported that annual CT scans of current and former heavy smokers reduced lung cancer mortality by 20%, highlighting the need to better define the carcinogenic risk associated with these annual CT screening exposures.

CARMA1 is critical for the development of allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma.

CARMA1 has been shown to be important for Ag-stimulated activation of NF-kappaB in lymphocytes in vitro and thus could be a novel therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases such as asthma. In the present study, we demonstrate that mice with deletion in the CARMA1 gene (CARMA1(-/-)) do not develop inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Compared with wild-type controls, CARMA1(-/-) mice did not develop airway eosinophilia, had no significant T cell recruitment into the airways, and had no evidence for T cell activation in the lung or draining lymph nodes.

Uranium halide complexes in ionic liquids: an electrochemical and structural study.

The electrochemistry of the salts, [emim]2[UBr6] and [emim]2[UO2Br4] ([emim] = 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium), has been investigated in both a basic and an acidic bromoaluminate(III) ionic liquid. In the basic ionic liquid, the hexabromo salt undergoes a one-electron reversible reduction process at a stationary glassy carbon disc electrode, while the tetrabromodioxo salt was reduced to a uranium(IV) species by an irreversible two-electron process with the simultaneous transfer of oxide to the ionic liquid. On the other hand, dissolution of either of the salts in an acidic bromoaluminate(III) ionic liquid resulted in the formation of the same electroactive species.

Mometasone furoate nasal spray is rapidly effective in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in an outdoor (park), acute exposure setting.

The objective of this study was to determine the time to onset of symptom relief following a single dose of mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS) in symptomatic patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). This was a single-center, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study with a 7-day run-in period followed by a single-dose administration of medication or placebo in an outdoor park setting. The park site provided an acute exposure to seasonal (tree and grass) pollens.

Response to pneumococcal immunization in children with and without recurrent infections.

Many children with recurrent sinopulmonary infections fail to mount an adequate humoral response following immunization with polysaccharide antigens. At present there are no controlled studies comparing responses to pneumococcal immunization in children with recurrent infections and a healthy, age-matched cohort. Immunological evaluation was performed on 66 children with recurrent sinopulmonary infections, aged 2-5 years (mean 3.

Evaluation of postimmunization pneumococcal titers in children with recurrent infections and normal levels of immunoglobulin.

Seven children were evaluated who had recurrent sinusitis, acute otitis media, pneumonia, and mastoiditis. All children had normal or near normal levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM. One child displayed a poor antibody response following tetanus and diphtheria immunization.

Assessment of compliance in children using inhaled beta adrenergic agonists.

The use of inhaled beta adrenergic agonists has assumed a greater role in the treatment of pediatric asthma as medications with a longer duration of action and more specificity for the beta 2 receptor have become available. Because of their effectiveness and safety, they are being selected as the drug of choice for maintenance therapy in children with asthma. The following study assessed compliance in asthmatic children using metaproterenol administered via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) on a daily basis.

A study of the prevalence and clinical significance of venom-specific IgE.

The prevalence of unrecognized Hymenoptera-venom sensitization, assessed by venom skin tests (VSTs) in adults with no history of adverse reactions to sting, has been as high as 12% in previous epidemiologic studies. To assess further the clinical importance of positive VSTs in such individuals, we skin tested 33 subjects stung in the field during the preceding 12 months without reaction, and 33 persons who denied being stung in the preceding 3 years. Among the recently stung group, 12/33 had at least one positive VST (greater than or equal to 2+) at 1.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression after short-term, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy in children with asthma.

Short-term, high-dose oral glucocorticoid therapy is often required for control of acute asthma episodes in children. To evaluate possible hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression after such therapy, we studied 11 children with just asymptomatic asthma before and at 3 and 10 days after completion of a five-day course of prednisone (up to 2 mg/kg/day in divided doses, maximum dose = 60 mg/day). HPA axis responsiveness was tested by measuring plasma corticosteroid levels before and after insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: a case report and review of the literature.

A 13-year-old boy was hospitalized with gastrointestinal obstruction. During evaluation, the total eosinophil count was as high as 3,332/mm. A biopsy specimen of the small bowel obtained at laparotomy revealed an intense eosinophilic infiltrate of the muscularis.