Clinical Supervision Models and Frameworks Used in Nursing: A Scoping Review.

Aim: To provide an overview of clinical supervision models and frameworks used in nursing and map them to their areas of use in nursing.

Design: A scoping review guided by JBI methodology for scoping reviews.

Methods: A systematic search using CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Emcare databases for English-language papers published at any time and ProQuest and Google Scholar databases for unpublished guidelines was conducted in June 2023 and repeated in June 2024.

Clinical supervision experience of nurses in or transitioning to advanced practice: A systematic review.

Aims: To systematically explore the clinical supervision (CS) experience for nurses transitioning to advanced practice.

Design: A qualitative systematic review using Joanna Briggs Institute meta-aggregation following an a priori protocol published on PROSPERO (CRD42023426658).

Data Sources: Qualitative studies obtained from Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Emcare and ERIC databases and ProQuest dissertations and theses for peer-reviewed, published and unpublished studies from inception to July 2023.

Folding of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein involves extensive isomerization of disulfide bonds and conformation-dependent leader peptide cleavage.

Human immunodeficiency virus binds and enters cells via the Envelope glycoprotein gp160 at its surface. In infected cells, gp160 is found not only on the plasma membrane but also in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Our aim was to establish rate-determining steps in the maturation process of gp160, using a radioactive pulse-chase approach.

Truncated N-glycans affect protein folding in the ER of CHO-derived mutant cell lines without preventing calnexin binding.

The involvement of N-glycans in the folding of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) was analyzed in two CHO-derived glycosylation mutants exhibiting a thermosensitive defect for secretion of human placental alkaline phosphatase. Truncated Man(5)GlcNAc(2)oligosaccharides with one or three glucose residues are attached to proteins of the MadIA214 and B3F7AP2-1 mutant cells, respectively. Newly synthesized proteins retained in these cells carry a Man(4)trimmed glycan generated by a mannosidase different from the ER mannosidases I and II and suggesting a recycling through the Golgi complex.

Effects of intracellular amino acid concentrations, cyclic AMP, and dexamethasone on lysosomal proteolysis in primary cultures of perinatal rat hepatocytes.

We have studied factors regulating the rate of protein degradation in cultured hepatocytes obtained from 17-day-old fetal, 7-day-old suckling, and 20-day-old weanling rats. At all three stages of development 60-70% of protein degradation was sensitive to inhibition by amino acids and 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of macroautophagy, indicating a major role of the lysosomes in proteolysis under these conditions. A combination of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and dexamethasone strongly stimulated proteolysis in hepatocytes from weanling, but not from fetal and suckling rats.

Regulation of hepatocyte-specific gene expression in cultures of human embryonic hepatocytes.

The aim of this study was to see whether the rat embryo can serve as a model system for hepatocyte-specific gene expression in the human embryo. Carbamoylphosphate synthetase was used as a hepatocyte-specific marker molecule. Despite the earlier developmental appearance of this enzyme in human than in murine liver, the hormonal regulation of gene expression in cultures of embryonic hepatocytes was found to be the same.

Accumulation of carbamoylphosphate-synthetase and phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxykinase mRNA in embryonic rat hepatocytes. Evidence for translational control during the initial phases of hepatocyte-specific gene expression in vitro.

The aim of this study was to establish whether the initial accumulation of hepatocyte-specific proteins after hormone induction is regulated at the pretranslational and/or the translational level. To this end, mRNA molar concentrations were determined and compared with rates of protein synthesis from previous studies [van Roon, M.A.

Noradrenergic innervation of developing rat and spiny mouse liver. Its relation to the development of the liver architecture and enzymic zonation.

The development of noradrenergic innervation of rat liver was studied with a polyclonal antiserum against noradrenaline. Nerves are first seen in the larger portal vessels at day 1 after birth and reach their final distribution at 5 days after birth i.e.

Developmental and hormonal regulation of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase gene expression in rat liver: evidence for control mechanisms at different levels in the perinatal period.

Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase gene expression is found to be primarily regulated by conditions that enhance hepatic glucocorticosteroid levels (hormone injections) and cyclic AMP levels (induction of diabetes). After birth, changes in the level of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase protein follow changes in the level of carbamoylphosphate synthase mRNA, suggesting a pretranslational control mechanism. In fetal rats, carbamoyl-phosphate synthase gene expression is regulated by the same factors as in adults.

Regulation of mRNA levels of rat liver carbamoylphosphate synthetase by glucocorticosteroids and cyclic AMP as estimated with a specific cDNA.

The construction and cloning of a cDNA complementary to the mRNA of rat liver carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) is described. Using this cDNA, the size of the mature, cytosolic carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) mRNA is estimated to be 6.0 Kb.

Inducibility of carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) in cultures of embryonic hepatocytes: ontogenesis of the responsiveness to hormones.

Glucocorticosteroids and cyclic AMP induce carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) (CPS) in rat hepatocytes. Using an enzyme immunoassay applied to hepatocyte cultures fixed in situ, it has been demonstrated that the capacity of hepatocytes to synthesize CPS in the presence of both hormones is present as soon as the cells become recognizable as hepatocytes. Immunochemical staining of the cultures shows that hepatocytes do not acquire or express the capacity to accumulate CPS at high rates synchronously.