The high value utilization characteristics of coal gangue powder with emulsified asphalt mastic through rheological and viscoelastic damage theory.

In order to solve the problems of rutting and early fatigue cracks in emulsified asphalt cold recycled pavement, and the shortage of natural stone resources and new environmental hazards caused by the use of traditional limestone powder filler. In this study, coal gangue powder was added to prepare Emulsified Asphalt Mastic (EAM) to improve the rheological properties and fatigue performance. A series of tests, including frequency scanning, temperature scanning, Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR), Linear Amplitude Scanning (LAS), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were conducted.

Lipidomics and Flavouromics assessment of the effects of enzyme modification on butter composition.

Enzyme-modified butter (EMB) is well-known for its rich flavour, which is primarily defined by the process of enzymatic hydrolysis. This study employed lipidomics and flavouromics to assess the differences between EMBs and to uncover the intrinsic links between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and lipids. Approximately 273 lipids and 82 VOCs were identified in butter.

Targeted LC-MS/MS method of oxylipin profiling reveals differentially expressed serum metabolites in type 2 diabetes mice with panaxynol.

Panaxynol is a bioactive polyacetylene in food plants; however, its specific benefits in diabetes and metabolic disorders remain unclear. Previous studies have mainly focused on biochemical indicators and clinical evaluations. Limited research has systematically elucidated the beneficial effects of panaxynol from the oxylipins perspective.

UPLC-MS based lipidomics analysis on optimization of soybean phosphatidylethanolamine extraction.

Soybean-derived phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a valuable phospholipid component yet its high-purity form is costly and its molecular structure is poorly understood. The present study combined solvent extraction and cryopurification to purify PE. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: material-liquid ratio 1:15 (g/mL), ethanol base concentration 100:4 (V /V), extraction temperature 40 °C, time 60 min, extraction twice.

Study on the Frying Performance Evaluation of Refined Soybean Oil after PLC Enzymatic Degumming.

It is known that phospholipase C (PLC) enzymatic degumming can hydrolyze phospholipids into diacylglycerol (DAG), which improves the efficiency of oil processing. However, it is unclear whether the presence of DAG and the use of enzymes affect the performance of the oil. This paper evaluated the frying performance of PLC-degummed refined soybean oil.

Analytical Strategy for Oxylipin Annotation by Combining Chemical Derivatization-Based Retention Index Algorithm and Feature Tandem Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation as a Biomarker Discovery Tool.

Accurate oxylipin annotation is crucial for advancing our understanding of physiological processes in health and disease and identifying biomarkers. However, a full view of oxylipins for early diagnosis needs further attention due to the lack of proper analytical methods, which may be attributed to the wide dynamic range, poor sensitivity, extreme molecular complexity, and limited commercially available standards of oxylipins. Here, we devised a novel method by combining a chemical derivatization (CD)-based retention index (RI) algorithm and feature tandem mass spectrometric fragmentation annotation (CD-RI-LC-MS/MS) for identification and quantification of oxylipins.

Entropy by Neighbor Distance as a New Measure for Characterizing Spatiotemporal Orders in Microscopic Collective Systems.

Collective systems self-organize to form globally ordered spatiotemporal patterns. Finding appropriate measures to characterize the order in these patterns will contribute to our understanding of the principles of self-organization in all collective systems. Here we examine a new measure based on the entropy of the neighbor distance distributions in the characterization of collective patterns.

Partial breast reconstruction of 30 cases with peri-mammary artery perforator flaps.

Background: Volume replacement is one of the vital techniques of oncoplastic surgery (OPS) when applying breast-conserving surgery. The clinical application of peri-mammary artery perforator flaps for this indication is uneven in China. Here, we describe the results of our clinical experience with peri-mammary artery flaps for partial breast reconstruction.

Profiling and spatial distribution of phenolic compounds in rapeseed by two-step extraction strategy and targeted metabolomics combined with chemometrics.

In this study, a two-step extraction strategy (TSES) and targeted metabolomics combined with chemometrics was successfully applied for profiling of phenolic compounds in different colored rapeseeds. To this end, organic solvent extraction followed by deep eutectic solvent extraction made up the TSES with improved extraction coverage of free phenolics and enhanced extraction yield of conjugated phenolics, which combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for further profiling of phenolics. TSES-LC-MS/MS method was established with determination coefficients for phenolic compounds greater than 0.

Order and information in the patterns of spinning magnetic micro-disks at the air-water interface.

The application of the Shannon entropy to study the relationship between information and structures has yielded insights into molecular and material systems. However, the difficulty in directly observing and manipulating atoms and molecules hampers the ability of these systems to serve as model systems for further exploring the links between information and structures. Here, we use, as a model experimental system, hundreds of spinning magnetic micro-disks self-organizing at the air-water interface to generate various spatiotemporal patterns with varying degrees of order.

Methods of Lipidomic Analysis: Extraction, Derivatization, Separation, and Identification of Lipids.

Lipidomics refers to the large-scale study of pathways and networks of cellular lipids in biological systems. A lipidomic analysis often involves the identification and quantification of the thousands of cellular lipid molecular species within a complex biological sample and therefore requires a well optimized method for lipid profiling. In this chapter, the methods for lipidomic analysis, including sample collection and preparation, lipid derivatization and separation, mass spectrometric identification of lipids, data processing and interpretation, and quality control, are overviewed.

A comprehensive study of raw and roasted macadamia nuts: Lipid profile, physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory properties.

Macadamia nuts have high nutritional value and positive health attributes. Changes to the composition and availability of these compounds during roasting contribute to product quality. In this study, changes to the chemical composition of lipids (fatty acids, triglycerides, and free fatty acids) and other phytochemicals were analyzed, and a sensory evaluation was carried out of two major varieties of macadamia nuts planted in China, after roasting.

Pseudotargeted Lipidomics Strategy Enabling Comprehensive Profiling and Precise Lipid Structural Elucidation of Polyunsaturated Lipid-Rich Echium Oil.

Echium oil has great nutritional value as a result of its high content of α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3ω-3) and stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4ω-3). However, the comprehensive lipid profiling and exact structural characterization of bioactive polyunsaturated lipids in echium oil have not yet been obtained. In this study, we developed a novel pseudotargeted lipidomics strategy for comprehensive profiling and lipid structural elucidation of polyunsaturated lipid-rich echium oil.

Serumal Lipidomics Reveals the Anti-inflammatory Effect of Flax Lignans and Sinapic Acid in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice.

Flax lignans (SDG) and sinapic acid (SA) both have the function of antioxidation and anti-inflammation. However, previous studies have focused mainly on biochemical measurements, gene expression analysis, and clinical assessments. There are limited studies that systematically reveal the underlying mechanism of the anti-inflammation effect of SDG or SA from the lipidomic point of view.

Double Derivatization Strategy for High-Sensitivity and High-Coverage Localization of Double Bonds in Free Fatty Acids by Mass Spectrometry.

Free fatty acids (FFAs) are key intermediates of lipid metabolism that have a crucial role in many critical biological processes. The specific locations of carbon-carbon double bonds (C═C) in FFAs are often associated with distinct biological functions. Despite the rapid development of analytical techniques, identification of C═C locations in FFAs with more than three C═C bonds in complex biological matrices remains a challenge.

Ultrasound-assisted one-phase solvent extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for efficient profiling of egg yolk lipids.

In this research, a novel ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) method using a one-phase solvent (isopropanol, IPA) combined with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QToF-MS) was developed for exhaustive profiling of egg yolk lipids, which are considered to be essential nutrients that have important functions for human health. Compared with IPA-vortex extraction method, the optimized IPA-USAE method shows better performance in terms of extraction time, lipid losses, lipid recoveries and the number of lipids identified. With this established simple, high throughput and reliable analytical approach, untargeted comprehensive lipid profiling of four kinds of egg yolks was achieved, thus providing a powerful tool for nutritional research of egg lipids.

Profiling and quantification of lipids in cold-pressed rapeseed oils based on direct infusion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Microwave pretreatment of rapeseeds prior to cold-pressing is a simple and desirable method for producing high quality oils. In this study, a rapid and sensitive lipid profiling platform employing an accurate quantification strategy was established based on direct infusion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Using this developed platform, we further investigated the effect of microwave pretreatment of rapeseeds on the contents of important lipids such as triglycerides (TAGs), phospholipids (PLs), and free fatty acids (FFAs) in 15 different rapeseed oils.

Profiling and quantification of aminophospholipids based on chemical derivatization coupled with HPLC-MS.

In this study, a novel strategy based on acetone stable-isotope derivatization coupled with HPLC-MS for profiling and accurate quantification of aminophospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine) in biological samples was developed. Acetone derivatization leads to alkylation of the primary amino groups of aminophospholipids with an isopropyl moiety; the use of deuterium-labeled acetone (d6-acetone) introduced a 6 Da mass shift that was ideally suited for profiling and quantification analysis with high selectivity and accuracy. After derivatization, significantly increased column efficiency for chromatographic separation and detection sensitivity for MS analysis of aminophospholipids was observed.

Lipid profiling in serum from apolipoprotein E-knock out mice fed with different diets and its application to the study of the regulatory effect on lipid metabolism.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory activation and is the main underlying trigger for cardiovascular disease. There are many cardiovascular health products in the market; in order to evaluate the effect of these products, in this paper, a novel lipid profiling platform was established using the shot-gun mass spectrum method for the analysis of free fatty acid and phospholipids, and the high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy method for the analysis of lipid mediators and triacylglycerol, respectively, in serum from male apolipoprotein E-knock out mice after different diet interventions. Changes in the four lipids above, and pathways and regulation of lipid metabolism in mice from different groups were further investigated.

Preparation and application of a molecular capture for safety detection of cosmetics based on surface imprinting and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

A novel composite material for prednisone molecular capture (PS-MC) was prepared by surface imprinting technique in combination with a polyethylene filter plate coated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the first time. PS-MC was achieved by using prednisone as the template molecule, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as the monomer, and tetraethoxysilane as the cross-linker. The structure, morphology, and thermal stability of the prepared PS-MC were studied by fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis.

Selective separation and determination of glucocorticoids in cosmetics using dual-template magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers and HPLC.

Molecularly imprinting polymers (MIPs) are typically prepared using a single template molecule, which allows selective separation and enrichment of only one target analyte. It is not suitable for determination of complex real samples containing multiple analytes. In order to expand the practical application of imprinted polymers, novel dual-template magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were synthesized by surface polymerization using hydrocortisone and dexamethasone as the dual-template molecules in this study.

Synthesis of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective separation and determination of metronidazole in cosmetic samples.

In this study, novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were developed as a sorbent for solid-phase extraction (SPE) and used for the selective separation of metronidazole (MNZ) in cosmetics; MNZ was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). First, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by the co-precipitation of Fe(2+)and Fe(3+) ions in an ammonia solution; then oleic acid (OA) was modified onto the surface of Fe3O4NPs. Finally, the MMIP was prepared by aqueous suspension polymerization, involving the copolymerization of Fe3O4NPs@OA with MNZ as the template molecule, methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol maleic rosinate acrylate (EGMRA) as the cross-linking agent, and 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator.

Molecular cloning and characterization of a bifunctional xylanolytic enzyme from Neocallimastix patriciarum.

A cDNA encoding a bifunctional acetylxylan esterase/xylanase, XynS20E, was cloned from the ruminal fungus Neocallimastix patriciarum. A putative conserved domain of carbohydrate esterase family 1 was observed at the N-terminus and a putative conserved domain of glycosyl hydrolase family 11 was detected at the C-terminus of XynS20E. To examine the enzyme activities, XynS20E was expressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant His(6) fusion protein and purified by immobilized metal ion-affinity chromatography.