Visible-Light-Induced Divergent Oxygenation of Methylbenzene Utilizing Aryl Halides.

The selective oxidation of methylbenzene to value-added products is of indisputable importance in organic synthesis. Although photocatalytic oxidation reactions of toluene have achieved great success for the preparation of its oxidative products, such as carboxylic acids, benzaldehyde, and benzoate, there remains a lack of a unified photocatalytic system for the selective preparation of these oxidation products. Herein, we report a metal- and additive-free photocatalytic protocol enabled by aryl halides using O as a green oxidant for the selective synthesis of the above-mentioned three oxidation products by adjusting the reaction solvent.

Low-Temperature Synthesis of Cyano-Rich Modified Surface-Alkalinized Heterojunctions with Directional Charge Transfer for Photocatalytic In Situ Generation and Consumption of Peroxides.

The synthesis of low-temperature poly(heptazine imide) (PHI) presents a significant challenge. In this context, we have developed a novel low-temperature synthesis strategy for PHI in this work. This strategy involves the introduction of Na ions, which etch and disrupt the conjugated structure of carbon nitride (CN) during assisted thermal condensation.

Bridging Effect of Carbon Nitride with More Negative Conduction Potential and Halogens Promotes the Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Aromatic C-H Bonds.

The selective oxidation of benzyl C-H bonds of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons under solvent-free conditions by using heterogeneous catalysis is a challenging task. In this work, we designed a carbon nitride photocatalyst with a high charge separation efficiency and a directed charge transfer path, which was doped with Ni and Br in the carbon nitride skeleton. Br was deposited directionally onto the electron-rich Ni surface traps to form a bond with Ni, which acted as a charge transfer bridge connecting CN and Br, resulting in a bridging effect.

Effects of Oxygen: Experimental and VTST/DFT Studies on Cumene Autoxidation with Air under Atmospheric Pressure.

The mechanism of how oxygen affects cumene autoxidation related to temperature is still bewildering. Kinetic analysis of cumene autoxidation with air at a pressure of 1.0 atm was investigated by experiments and variational transition state theory/DFT.

Application of Improved Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Telesurgery with 5G Technology in Urology.

The demand for telesurgery is rising rapidly, but robust evidence regarding the feasibility of its application in urology is still rare. From March to October 2021, a surgeon-controlled surgical robot in a tertiary hospital in Qingdao was used to remotely conduct robot-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (RN) in 29 patients located in eight primary hospitals. The median round-trip delay was 26 ms (interquartile range [IQR] 5) and the median distance between the primary hospital and the surgeon was 187 km (IQR 57).

Application of 5G technology to conduct tele-surgical robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy.

Background: The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness, safety and stability of the 5G communication technology in clinical laparoscopic telesurgery.

Methods: An ultra-remote radical cystectomy (network communication distance of nearly 3000 km) was performed on patient diagnosed with T2N0M0 stage bladder cancer using a domestically produced "MicroHand" surgical robot.

Results: The network delay, operative time, blood loss, intraoperative complications, postoperative recovery, and hospitalisation time were recorded.

Visible-Light-Driven Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes Using Water-Soluble CdSe Quantum Dots.

The oxidative cleavage of C=C bonds is an important chemical reaction, which is a popular reaction in the photocatalytic field. However, high catalyst-loading and low turnover number (TON) are general shortcomings in reported visible-light-driven reactions. Herein, the direct oxidative cleavage of C=C bonds through water-soluble CdSe quantum dots (QDs) is described under visible-light irradiation at room temperature with high TON (up to 3.

Mixotrophic Chlorella pyrenoidosa as cell factory for ultrahigh-efficient removal of ammonium from catalyzer wastewater with valuable algal biomass coproduction through short-time acclimation.

To achieve ultrahigh-efficient ammonium removal and valuable biomass coproduction, Chlorella-mediated short-time acclimation was implemented in photo-fermentation. The results demonstrated short-time acclimation of mixotrophic Chlorella pyrenoidosa could significantly improve NH removal and biomass production in shake flasks. After acclimation through two batch cultures in 5-L photo-fermenter, the maximum NH removal rate (1,400 mg L d) were achieved under high NH level (4,750 mg L) in batch 3.

5G ultra-remote robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in China.

Background: 5G communication technology has been applied to several fields in telemedicine, but its effectiveness, safety, and stability in remote laparoscopic telesurgery have not been established. Here, we conducted four ultra-remote laparoscopic surgeries on a swine model under the 5G network. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness, safety, and stability of the 5G network in remote laparoscopic telesurgery.

High-yield production of biomass, protein and pigments by mixotrophic Chlorella pyrenoidosa through the bioconversion of high ammonium in wastewater.

To achieve a high consumption rate of ammonium with biomass coproduction, the mixotroph Chlorella pyrenoidosa was cultivated in high ammonium-high salinity wastewater medium in this study. The initial cell density, glucose and ammonium concentrations, and light intensity were optimized in shake flasks. A 5-L fermenter with surrounding LED (Light Emitting Diode) and a 50-L fermenter with inlet LED were employed for batch and semicontinuous cultivation.

Rose bengal as photocatalyst: visible light-mediated Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with nitroalkenes in water.

A novel and facile visible-light-mediated alkylation of indoles and nitroalkenes has been developed. In this protocol, rose bengal acts as a photosensitizer, and environmentally benign water was used as the green and efficient reaction medium. Indoles reacted smoothly with nitroalkenes under the irradiation of visible-light and generated corresponding 3-(2-nitroalkyl)indoles in moderate to good yields (up to 87%).

Visible light-mediated selective α-functionalization of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds via disulfide induced aerobic oxidation.

A visible light-mediated α-functionalization of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with switchable selectivity induced by disulfide is disclosed. Upon irradiation with visible light, the metal- and base-free α-hydroxylation or α-hydroxymethylation reaction proceeded smoothly through a disulfide-catalyzed oxidation under mild conditions. The combination of a continuous-flow strategy could further improve the reaction efficiencies.

Enantioselective photooxygenation of β-dicarbonyl compounds in batch and flow photomicroreactors.

A series of C-2' modified cinchonine-derived phase-transfer catalysts were synthesized and used in the enantioselective photo-organocatalytic aerobic oxidation of β-dicarbonyl compounds with excellent yields (up to 97%) and high enantioselectivities (up to 90% ee). Furthermore, the reaction was carried out in a flow photomicroreactor, in which the heterogeneous gas-liquid-liquid asymmetric photocatalytic oxidation reaction was performed affording good yields (up to 97%) and enantioselectivities (up to 86% ee) within 0.89 min.

Visible Light-Induced Aerobic Epoxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones Mediated by Amidines.

An aerobic photoepoxidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones driven by visible light in the presence of tetramethylguanidine (3b), tetraphenylporphine (HTPP), and molecular oxygen under mild conditions was revealed. The corresponding α,β-epoxy ketones were obtained in yields of up to 94% in 96 h. The reaction time was shortened to 4.