Orphan gene positively regulates bolting resistance through the vernalization pathway in Chinese cabbage.

Orphan genes () are unique to the specific species or lineage, and whose homologous sequences cannot be found in other species or lineages. Furthermore, these genes lack recognizable domains or functional motifs, which make their characterization difficult. Here, we identified a   named () that could positively modulate bolting resistance.

Functional analysis of the key BrSWEET genes for sugar transport involved in the Brassica rapa-Plasmodiophora brassicae interaction.

Plasmodiophora brassicae, the causative agent of clubroot disease, establishes a long-lasting parasitic relationship with its host by inducing the expression of sugar transporters. Previous studies have indicated that most BrSWEET genes in Chinese cabbage are up-regulated upon infection with P. brassicae.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthetase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage () and during Their Interaction.

Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that is widely distributed in various organisms. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is a critical enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of trehalose, which serves important functions in growth and development, defense, and stress resistance. Although previous studies have found that the clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae can lead to the accumulation of trehalose in infected Arabidopsis organs, it has been proposed that much of the accumulated trehalose is derived from the pathogen.

Marker-Assisted Pyramiding of and Genes to Improve the Clubroot Resistance of .

Clubroot, caused by , is an economically important soil-borne disease that threatens Brassicaceae crops worldwide. In recent years, the incidence area of Chinese cabbage ( ssp. ) clubroot disease has increased, which severely affects the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage.

Transferring of clubroot-resistant locus from Chinese cabbage () to canola () through interspecific hybridization.

Clubroot, caused by is one of the most severe threats to brassica species in China and worldwide. Breeding for clubroot resistant varieties is one of the best ways to overcome this disease. In this study, we introduced clubroot resistance (CR) gene from Chinese cabbage (85-74) into elite inbred line Zhongshuang 11 through interspecific hybridization and subsequent backcrossing with whole-genome molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS).

Progress on plant orphan genes.

Orphan genes are located in a special evolutionary branch and have no significant sequence similarity with any other identified genes. Orphan genes are prevalent in every species, comparative genomics analyses found that all sequenced species contained a portion of orphan genes, and the number of orphan genes obtained by distinct screening conditions is different. Orphan genes are often associated with various stress responses, species-specific evolution and substance metabolism regulation.

Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of CRA3.7 conferring clubroot resistance in Brassica rapa.

In this study, we fine-mapped a clubroot resistance gene CRA3.7 in Chinese cabbage and developed its closely linked marker syau-InDel3008 for marker-assisted selection in CR cultivars breeding. Chinese cabbage is an important leafy vegetable rich in many nutrients widely grown in China.

Identification and Characterization of Circular RNAs in in Response to .

is a soil-borne pathogen that attacks the roots of cruciferous plants and causes clubroot disease. CircRNAs are noncoding RNAs, widely existing in plant and animal species. Although knowledge of circRNAs has been updated continuously and rapidly, information about circRNAs in the regulation of clubroot disease resistance is extremely limited in .

Sugar Transporters in : Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Verification.

, an obligate intracellular pathogen, can hijack the host's carbohydrates for survival. When the host plant is infected by , a large amount of soluble sugar accumulates in the roots, especially glucose, which probably facilitates the development of this pathogen. Although a complete glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle existed in , very little information about the hexose transport system has been reported.

R gene triplication confers European fodder turnip with improved clubroot resistance.

Clubroot is one of the most important diseases for many important cruciferous vegetables and oilseed crops worldwide. Different clubroot resistance (CR) loci have been identified from only limited species in Brassica, making it difficult to compare and utilize these loci. European fodder turnip ECD04 is considered one of the most valuable resources for CR breeding.

Brassica rapa orphan genes largely affect soluble sugar metabolism.

Orphan genes (OGs), which are genes unique to a specific taxon, play a vital role in primary metabolism. However, little is known about the functional significance of Brassica rapa OGs (BrOGs) that were identified in our previous study. To study their biological functions, we developed a BrOG overexpression (BrOGOE) mutant library of 43 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and assessed the phenotypic variation of the plants.

Development of a Sinitic Clubroot Differential Set for the Pathotype Classification of .

, which is known for its broad genetic diversity for virulence, is the causal agent of clubroot disease of crops worldwide. Studies on pathotype characterization with four differential hosts according to Williams' classification system showed the predominance of pathotype 4 in China. However, the genetic variability within pathotype 4 complicates the breeding of durable clubroot-resistant (CR) cultivars.

Association of Clubroot Resistance Locus With a Linkage Drag of High Erucic Acid Content in the Seed of the European Turnip.

Clubroot caused by is a severe threat to the production of , worldwide. The cultivation of resistant varieties is the most efficient and environmentally friendly way to limit disease spread. We developed a highly resistant line, ZHE226, containing the resistance locus .

and Synergically Increases Resistant Genes Expression upon Infection of in .

and are two clubroot-resistant genes that are important for canola breeding in China. Previously, we combined these resistant genes and developed a pyramid-based, homozygous recurrent inbred line (618R), the results of which showed strong resistance to field isolates; however, the genetic mechanisms of resistance were unclear. In the present work, we conducted comparative RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis between 618R and its parental lines (305R and 409R) in order to uncover the transcriptomic response of the superior defense mechanisms of 618R and to determine how these two different resistant genes coordinate with each other.

Transcriptome Sequencing and Metabolism Analysis Reveals the role of Cyanidin Metabolism in Dark-red Onion (Allium cepa L.) Bulbs.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important bulbous vegetable crop that possesses important properties related to health as well as extraordinary colors. Naturally white onion bulbs were used in this study to reveal the complex metabolic mechanisms that underlie phenotypic traits, especially bulb pigmentation.

Mining of -Specific Genes (BSGs) and Their Induction in Different Developmental Stages and under Stress in .

Orphan genes, also called lineage-specific genes (LSGs), are important for responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and are associated with lineage-specific structures and biological functions. To date, there have been no studies investigating gene number, gene features, or gene expression patterns of orphan genes in . In this study, 1540 -specific genes (BSGs) and 1824 Cruciferae-specific genes (CSGs) were identified based on the genome of .

Identification and Mapping of the Clubroot Resistance Gene in Chinese Cabbage ( ssp. ).

The rapid spread of clubroot disease, which is caused by , threatens Brassicaceae crop production worldwide. Breeding plants that have broad-spectrum disease resistance is one of the best ways to prevent clubroot. In the present study, eight Chinese cabbage germplasms were screened using published clubroot-resistant (CR) loci-/gene-linked markers.

Cytological and morphological analysis of hybrids between Brassicoraphanus, and Brassica napus for introgression of clubroot resistant trait into Brassica napus L.

Interspecific hybridization is a powerful tool for improvement of crop species, it has the potential to broaden the genetic base and create new plant forms for breeding programs. Synthetic allopolyploid is a widely-used model for the study of genetic recombination and fixed heterosis in Brassica. In Brassica napus breeding, identification and introgression of new sources of clubroot resistance trait from wild or related species into it by hybridization is a long-term crop management strategy for clubroot disease.