Does income have a non-linear impact on residents' BMI? Re-examining the obesity Kuznets curve.

Background: After more than 40 years of growth, the income of Chinese residents has greatly increased; however, the problems of overweight and obesity among residents have become increasingly prominent.

Methods: We used data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to study the relationship between residents' income and obesity using the instrumental variable (IV) method.

Results: The impact of income on residents' body mass index (BMI) is an inverted U-shape; that is, when income is low, BMI significantly rises with income, and when per capita income exceeds 57,066 yuan in 2023 prices (equivalent to 8,098 dollars), further increases in income will lead to a decrease in BMI.

Social Capital, Political Efficacy and Chinese Residents' Willingness to Participate in Food Safety Governance.

Residents play an important role as one of the main actors in food safety governance. To build a pattern of food safety risk co-governance, the positive and effective participation of residents is vital. This study first establishes a comprehensive analysis framework combining social capital theory and political efficacy theory.