REV-ERBα Mitigates Astrocyte Activation and Protects Dopaminergic Neurons from Damage.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by astrocyte activation and disruptions in circadian rhythm. Within the astrocyte population, two distinct reactive states exist: A1 and A2. A1 astrocytes are associated with neurotoxicity and inflammation, while A2 astrocytes exhibit neuroprotective functions.

Disitamab Vedotin Alone or in Combination With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Bladder-Sparing Treatment of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Real-World Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel humanized anti-HER2 antibody, RC48-ADC (Disitamab vedotin, DV), the combination of RC48-ADC with PD-1 inhibitors was used to treat muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). This combination therapy has potential applications in both bladder preservation and neoadjuvant therapy for MIBC.

Methods: Patients with MIBC underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumors followed by RC48-ADC alone or in combination with PD-1 inhibitors.

Robot-assisted single-port retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy with a novel purpose-built single-port robotic system with deformable surgical instruments.

Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of using a novel purpose-built single-port robotic system (the SHURUI Robotic Surgical System) with deformable surgical instruments to perform retroperitoneal single-port partial nephrectomy.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study was conducted to recruit patients with a single renal tumor no more than 4 cm. Robot-assisted single-port partial nephrectomy was performed by using the novel purpose-built single-port robotic system with deformable surgical instruments.

Pelvic drain placement after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: meta-analysis.

Background: It is not clear whether the routine placement of a pelvic drain after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy is a necessity. The aim of this study was to investigate this through a meta-analysis of RCTs and non-randomized studies.

Methods: A search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science, up to 9 March 2023, for clinical trials comparing no drain with pelvic drain placement for patients with prostate cancer after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Analyze and simulate an individualized nutritional computing system for multidisciplinary teams in nutritional support therapy.

To explore the efficiency of nutritional support therapy . Pharmacists led the construction of an individualized nutritional computing system and were involved in the process of treatment. After obtaining relevant professional knowledge and instruction on how to operate the system, MDT members intervened in the incorrect treatment process during nutritional support therapy.

Extraperitoneal tissue retraction technique: An effective assistant of extraperitoneal pure single-port robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy with the da Vinci Si surgical system.

Objective: The limitations of tissue retraction and the amount of surgical working space have a great impact on extraperitoneal single-port robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (sp-RARP) with the multiport robotic surgical system. We used an extraperitoneal tissue retraction technique to achieve tissue exposure and working space expansion. This study evaluated the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of the extraperitoneal tissue retraction technique in extraperitoneal pure sp-RARP with the da Vinci Si surgical system.

A comparison of perioperative outcomes between extraperitoneal robotic single-port and multiport radical prostatectomy with the da Vinci Si Surgical System.

To evaluate outcomes between extraperitoneal robotic single-port radical prostatectomy (epR-spRP) and extraperitoneal robotic multiport radical prostatectomy (epR-mpRP) performed with the da Vinci Si Surgical System, comparison was performed between 30 single-port (SP group) and 26 multiport (MP group) cases. Comparisons included operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), hospital stay, peritoneal violation, pain scores, scar satisfaction, continence, and erectile function. The median operation time and EBL were not different between the two groups.

Quercetin attenuates diabetic neuropathic pain by inhibiting mTOR/p70S6K pathway-mediated changes of synaptic morphology and synaptic protein levels in spinal dorsal horn of db/db mice.

Numerous studies indicate that the changes of synaptic morphology and synaptic protein levels in spinal dorsal horn neurons contributes to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Quercetin, a bioflavonoid compound, has been shown to have analgesic effect in several pain models. However, the underlying mechanism for quercetin to allieviate pain is unclear.

Clinical outcomes of 168 Chinese patients after local surgery for bone metastases arising from advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Background: The effectiveness of local surgery for bone metastases (BM) arising from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains uncertain. Herein, the authors performed what to the best of their knowledge is the first investigation of the outcomes of Chinese patients with RCC and BM.

Methods: Data were collected for 168 patients with RCC and BM who were treated at Changzheng Hospital in Shanghai, China, between March 2009 and December 2018.

Pure retroperitoneoscopic extravesical standardized seeable (PRESS) excision of distal ureter and bladder cuff in radical nephroureterectomy: step-by-step technique.

Background: Concerns have been raised regarding the management of bladder cuff with these minimally invasive approaches. The aim of this study was to describe a modified radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with pure retroperitoneoscopic extravesical standardized seeable (PRESS) bladder cuff excision (BCE) and to assess its outcomes based on a novel concept of intraoperative "trifecta."

Methods: Twenty-four patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma underwent retroperitoneoscopic RNU from August 2017 to August 2019.

Overexpression of grapevine VvNAC08 enhances drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis.

NAC [No apical meristem (NAM), Arabidopsis transcription activation factor (ATAF), Cup-shaped cotyledon (CUC)] transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in plant growth and response to various environmental stress. Drought stress is the primary factor limiting the growth and fruit quality of grapevines worldwide. However, the biological function of the NAC family members in grapevine is not clear.

Anti-tumor activity and mechanism of oligoclonal hepatocellular carcinoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and .

: To explore a method for culturing hepatocellular carcinoma and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (HCC-TIL) and investigate the mechanism of TIL in killing tumors. : The distribution of regulatory T cells (Treg) in HCC was detected by immunohistochemistry. Conventional TIL and oligoclonal TIL were isolated by the traditional method of enzyme digestion combined with mechanical treatment for whole HCC and micro HCC tissue block culturing method.

Sirtuin 1 alleviates diabetic neuropathic pain by regulating synaptic plasticity of spinal dorsal horn neurons.

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the enhanced synaptic plasticity of nociceptive interneurons in the spinal dorsal horn is the basis of central sensitization in neuropathic pain. Our previous results demonstrated that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, alleviates neuropathic pain in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. SIRT1 has also been reported to regulate synaptic plasticity in different brain neurons.

A feed-forward loop between nuclear translocation of CXCR4 and HIF-1α promotes renal cell carcinoma metastasis.

CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has been suggested to play a critical role in cancer metastasis. Some studies have described CXCR4 nuclear localization in metastatic lesions of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which has been suggested to be correlated with cancer metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism and clinical significance of CXCR4 nuclear localization remains unknown.

Optimal Design of Wavelength Selective Thermal Emitter for Thermophotovoltaic Applications.

We theoretically and numerically demonstrate optimal design of wavelength selective thermal emitter using one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) metal-dielectric gratings for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) applications. Proposed design consists of tungsten (W) and silicon dioxide (SiO) gratings which can withstand high temperatures. Radiative properties of 1D grating were calculated using a numerical method, while effective medium approximation was used for 2D gratings.

Changes of serum alpha-fetoprotein and alpha-fetoprotein-L3 after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: prognostic significance.

Background: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most established tumor marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but one of its limitations is non-specificity. Many studies have demonstrated that alpha-fetoprotein-L3 (AFP-L3) is more specific than AFP in the early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the post-hepatectomy profiles of serum AFP and AFP-L3 values in HCC patients.

Metered-dose inhaler efficiency enhancement: a case study and novel design.

The efficiency of the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is a critical issue in aerosol medicine because it deals with delivering a life-saving medication to patients with various lung diseases. Mouthpiece diameter, air flow rate, and entrance angle are among many parameters that influence the MDI penetration efficiency. It is well known that inertial impaction accounts for the massive aerosol deposition in the oral airway.

Balloon-based in vitro MDI aerosol deposition experiments on the effects of mouthpiece diameter.

For this article, we studied the effects of mouthpiece diameter and flow rate on aerosol penetration efficiency for metered-dose inhaler (MDI) applications. Measurements show that increasing the mouthpiece diameter has a moderate and positive influence on the particle penetration efficiency of the MDI. The particle penetration efficiency increases monotonically with the increase of the mouthpiece diameter from 16 mm to 20 mm.

Fine particle deposition within human nasal airways.

An original mathematical model describing particle diffusion in human nasal passages is presented. A unique feature of the model is that it combines effects of both turbulent and laminar flows. To account for turbulence, concentration equations written in cylindrical coordinates are first simplified by a scaling technique and then solved analytically based on momentum/mass transfer analogy.

Flow simulation in the human upper respiratory tract.

Computer simulations of airflow patterns within the human upper respiratory tract (URT) are presented. The URT model includes airways of the head (nasal and oral), throat (pharyngeal and laryngeal), and lungs (trachea and main bronchi). The head and throat morphology was based on a cast of a medical school teaching model; tracheobronchial airways were defined mathematically.