Gut microbiota influence on lung cancer risk through blood metabolite mediation: from a comprehensive Mendelian randomization analysis and genetic analysis.

Background: Gut microbiota (GM) and metabolic alterations play pivotal roles in lung cancer (LC) development and host genetic variations are known to contribute to LC susceptibility by modulating the GM. However, the causal links among GM, metabolite, host genes, and LC remain to be fully delineated.

Method: Through bidirectional MR analyses, we examined the causal links between GM and LC, and utilized two-step mediation analysis to identify potential mediating blood metabolite.

Bioscreening specific peptide-expressing phage and its application in sensitive dual-mode immunoassay of SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen.

Biorecognition components with high affinity and selectivity are vital in bioassay to diagnose and treat epidemic disease. Herein a phage display strategy of combining single-amplification-panning with non-amplification-panning was developed, by which a phage displaying cyclic heptapeptide ACLDWLFNSC (peptide J4) with good affinity and specificity to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) was identified. Molecular docking suggests that peptide J4 binds to S2 subunit by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction.

Echinacoside inhibits colorectal cancer metastasis via modulating the gut microbiota and suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Echinacoside (ECH) is the dominant phenylethanoid glycoside-structured compound identified from our developed herbal formula Huangci granule, which has been previously reported to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of CRC and prolong patients' disease-free survival duration. Though ECH has inhibitory activity against aggressive colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, its anti-metastasis effect in vivo and the action mechanism is undetermined. Given that ECH has an extremely low bioavailability and gut microbiota drives the CRC progression, we hypothesized that ECH could inhibit metastatic CRC by targeting the gut microbiome.

An ultrasensitive ELISA to assay femtomolar level SARS-CoV-2 antigen based on specific peptide and tyramine signal amplification.

The SARS-CoV-2 spreading rapidly has aroused catastrophic public healthcare issues and economy crisis worldwide. It plays predominant role to rapidly and accurately diagnose the virus for effective prevention and treatment. As an abundant transmembrane protein, spike protein (SP) is one of the most valuable antigenic biomarkers for diagnosis of COVID-19.

Gut microbiota and colorectal cancer metastasis.

Gut microbiota play critical roles in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota contribute to a tumor-permissive microenvironment and facilitate malignant transformation and dissemination of tumor cells, thereby mediating CRC metastasis.

A High Hepatic Uptake of Conjugated Bile Acids Promotes Colorectal Cancer-Associated Liver Metastasis.

The liver is the most common site for colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated metastasis. There remain unsatisfactory medications in liver metastasis given the incomplete understanding of pathogenic mechanisms. Herein, with an orthotopic implantation model fed either regular or high-fat diets (HFD), more liver metastases were associated with an expansion of conjugated bile acids (BAs), particularly taurocholic acid (TCA) in the liver, and an increased gene expression of Na-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP).

Effects of gut microbiota on immune responses and immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.

Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbial dysbiosis is implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression through interaction with host immune system. Given the intimate relationship between the gut microbiota and the antitumor immune responses, the microbiota has proven to be effective targets in modulating immunotherapy responses of preclinical CRC models. However, the proposed putative mechanisms of how these bacteria affect immune responses and immunotherapy efficacy remains obscure.

An ultrasensitive label-free electrochemical impedimetric immunosensor for vascular endothelial growth factor based on specific phage via negative pre-screening.

As a vascular growth regulator, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) exerts significant biological roles through specific binding to its receptors on the vascular endothelial cells. VEGF165 is generally referenced as a potential therapeutic target of many malignant tumors. In this study, a negative pre-screening strategy with structurally analogous members of VEGF121, VEGFC and VEGFD was first proposed for VEGF165 biopanning, aiming at significantly improving the specificity of the selected phage monoclones.

Sensitive electrochemical sequential enzyme biosensor for glucose and starch based on glucoamylase- and glucose oxidase-controllably co-displayed yeast recombinant.

The sequential enzyme biosensors hold significant importance in measuring species which are usually hard to process with single-enzyme-based biosensors. However, sequential enzyme electrodes experience critical issues such as low catalytic efficiency, insensitivity and poor reproducibility. In this work, yeast surface co-displaying sequential enzymes of glucoamylase (GA) and glucose oxidase (GOx) with controllable ratios through the specific cohesion-dockerin protein interaction was explored, by which starch hydrolyzing by GA into glucose is the rate-limiting step.

A membraneless starch/O biofuel cell based on bacterial surface regulable displayed sequential enzymes of glucoamylase and glucose dehydrogenase.

Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) provide a new strategy to enable direct biomass-to-electricity conversion, posing considerable demand on sequential enzymes. However, artificial blend of multi-enzyme systems often suffer biocatalytic inefficiency due to the rambling mixture of catalytic units. In an attempt to construct a high-performance starch/O EBFC, herein we prepared a starch-oxidizing bioanode based on displaying a sequential enzyme system of glucoamylase (GA) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) on E.

Hierarchical porous MoS particles: excellent multi-enzyme-like activities, mechanism and its sensitive phenol sensing based on inhibition of sulfite oxidase mimics.

It is important to exploit highly efficient methods for detecting pollutants selectively and sensitively. Artificial enzymes are promising to replace natural enzymes with diverse functions for sustainable developments and various applications. However, it remains the challenge to develop novel mimic enzymes or multi-enzyme mimics for pollutant detection.

Capsaicin suppressed activity of prostate cancer stem cells by inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as the origin and driving cells of cancer, and play a key role in the progress of cancer. Studies have shown that capsaicin exerted inhibitory effect on prostate cancer cells, however, the effects of capsaicin on prostate CSCs remain undefined. In the present study, we showed that capsaicin could downregulate prostate CSCs markers and inhibit the growth of PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer stem cells.

Modulation of miR-34a in curcumin-induced antiproliferation of prostate cancer cells.

Curcumin is a phytochemical which exhibits significant inhibitory effect in multiple cancers including prostate cancer. MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) was found to be a master tumor suppressor miRNA and regulated the growth of cancer cells. To date, however, the role of miR-34a in the anticancer action of curcumin against prostate cancer has been rarely reported.

A Rare Case of Unilateral Isolated Naso-Ocular Cleft Treated by a Rotation-Advancement Technique.

The isolated naso-ocular cleft is rare. In this article, the authors report an extremely rare case of unilateral isolated naso-ocular cleft. And a new rotation-advancement technique was used in repair.

Congenital Midline Sinus of the Upper Lip.

An extremely rare patient of congenital midline sinus of the upper lip in a 2-year-old boy is presented. The sinus was located on the midline of the philtrum just below the base of the columella. Surgical removal of the sinus was performed via an extra- and inraoral approach.

Two rare cases of simultaneous Tessier number 3 cleft, contralateral cleft lip, and signs of amniotic band syndrome.

The Tessier number 3 cleft is rare. In this paper, we report two extremely rare cases of simultaneous Tessier number 3 cleft, contralateral cleft lip, and signs of amniotic band syndrome. In the two cases, we confirmed that amniotic bands were the probable cause of the Tessier number 3 cleft, where swallowed fibrous strands of amniotic bands entangle a typical cleft lip and cause the more severe Tessier number 3 cleft.

Spatial and temporal expression of c-Kit in the development of the murine submandibular gland.

The c-Kit pathway is important in the development of many mammalian cells and organs and is indispensable for the development of hematopoiesis, melanocytes, and primordial germ cells. Loss-of-function mutations in c-Kit lead to perinatal death in mouse embryos. Previously, c-Kit has been used as one of salivary epithelial stem or progenitor cell markers in mouse, its specific temporo-spatial expression pattern and function in developing murine submandibular gland (SMG) is still unclear.

Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapy for bisphosphonate-related jaw osteonecrosis in Swine.

Bisphosphonates (BPs), which are used to treat a variety of clinical disorders, have the side effect of jawbone necrosis. Currently, there is no reliable treatment for BP-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) due to a lack of understanding of its pathogenesis. To investigate the pathogenesis of BRONJ and observe the treatment effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) transplantation, we established a preclinical animal model of BRONJ in miniature pigs (minipigs).

Mesenchymal stromal cell-based treatment of jaw osteoradionecrosis in Swine.

Jaw osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a common and serious complication of radiation therapy for head and neck cancers. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) are multipotent postnatal stem cells and have been widely used in clinical therapies. In the present study, we generated the mandibular ORN model in swine using a combination of single-dose 25-Gy irradiation and tooth extraction.

[The influences on mandibular development after removing the outer cortex of mandibular body in childhood minitype pigs].

Objective: To study the influences on mandibular development after removing the outer cortex of mandibular body in childhood minitype pig.

Methods: Six childhood minitype pigs were selected as the experimental animals. The outer cortex of mandibular body measured as 3.

[The surgical management of unilateral Craniofacial Atrophy and Hypoplasia].

Objective: To study the surgical reconstruction of unilateral Craniofacial Atrophy and Hypoplasia.

Methods: According to the etiological factors and severity of the facial deformities, different methods are employed, including bone framework reconstruction, soft tissue transplantation, orthognathic surgery.

Results: From September 1998 to August 2004, 42 cases were treated, Include: Hemifacial Microsomia 22 cases, Hemifacial Atrophy 16 cases, unilateral facial hypoplasia due to radiation 4 cases.

[Expression of nestin and neurogenin 3 in the human fetal pancreas].

Objective: To examine the expression of nestin and neurogenin 3 (Ngn3), the markers of pancreatic stem cells, in the human fetal pancreas.

Methods: The human fetal pancreas tissue of 12 and 14 weeks were examined for the expression of nestin and Ngn3 using the techniques of immunofluorescence dye and RT-PCR.

Results: Both nestin and Ngn3 expressed widely in 12 and 14 weeks before in human fetal pancreatic tissue.

Heterogeneity in predisposition of hepatic cells to be induced into pancreatic endocrine cells by PDX-1.

Aim: The role of Pancreatic and Duodenal Homeobox-1 (PDX-1) as a major regulator of pancreatic development determines the function and phenotype of beta cell. In this study, potential plasticity of liver cells into pancreatic endocrine cells induced by PDX-1 was evaluated.

Methods: Human hepatoma cell line HepG2 was stably transfected with mammalian expression plasmid pcDNA3-PDX encoding human PDX-1 gene.