The impact of ecological pressure caused by toxic lignin metabolites on microbial function transformation during composting.

Environmental stress coexists with microbial interactions during composting, temperature was thought to be the main stress, the toxic stress caused by aromatic compounds was often overlooked. Herein, lignin and lignin degradation products (LDP) were used alone or in combination to culture the compost microbial community, which manually delineated 32 niches to explore the effects of toxic stress on microbe and their responses. Results showed that the toxicity of LDP significantly changed the distribution of microbial community.

CMDmpnn: Combining Comparative Molecular Dynamics and ProteinMPNN to Rapidly Expand Enzyme Substrate Spectrum.

Expanding enzyme substrate spectra enhances industrial applications and drives sustainable biocatalysis. Despite advances, challenges in modification efficiency and high-throughput screening persist. Here, we developed a virtual screening method called CMDmpnn that combines comparative molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and ProteinMPNN to broaden enzyme substrate spectra without compromising other industrially important properties of enzymes, such as thermostability.

A study on surrounding rock characteristics inducing severe large deformation in tunnels and methods for determining its strength.

The Haba Snow Mountain Tunnel experienced severe deformation caused by foliated metamorphic basalt. This rock has high metamorphism, easy weathering, and low strength. This study examines the rock's microscopic characteristics and mechanical properties to understand its impact on tunnel stability and offer guidance for similar engineering challenges.

Interface Engineering of 2D Materials toward High-Temperature Electronic Devices.

High-temperature electronic materials and devices are highly sought after for advanced applications in aerospace, high-speed automobiles, and deep-well drilling, where active or passive cooling mechanisms are either insufficient or impractical. 2D materials (2DMs) represent promising alternatives to traditional silicon and wide-bandgap semiconductors (WBG) for nanoscale electronic devices operating under high-temperature conditions. The development of robust interfaces is essential for ensuring that 2DMs and their devices achieve high performance and maintain stability when subjected to elevated temperatures.

Association between the composite dietary antioxidant index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: evidence from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2016.

Importance: Oxidative stress contributes to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Antioxidants from food can reduce NAFLD incidence, and the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) measures total antioxidant capacity (TAC). However, the relationship between CDAI and NAFLD in the US adult population remains unclear.

Efficient removal of ciprofloxacin from waste activated sludge by electroactivation of peroxymonosulfate.

The waste activated sludge (WAS) generated from sewage treatment accumulates antibiotics including ciprofloxacin (CIP), which may be released into the environments if WAS is not handled properly. Therefore, there is a need to develop technologies aiming at removing CIP from sludge. In this study, electrically activated peroxymonosulfate (E/PMS) was investigated to remove CIP from WAS.

Revisiting the association between sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and the risk of neoplasm in patients with type 2 diabetes: new insights from an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To evaluate the association between sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and the risk of neoplasm in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Literature retrieval was conducted using databases from inception to June 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SGLT-2i with placebo or other treatments in patients with T2D, and with reports of neoplasm events were included.

Reducing Disorder in PbTe Nanowires for Majorana Research.

Material challenges are the key issue in Majorana research, where surface disorder constrains device performance. Here, we tackle this challenge by embedding PbTe nanowires within a lattice-constant-matched crystal. The wire edges are shaped by self-organized growth instead of lithography, resulting in nearly atomically flat facets along both cross-sectional and longitudinal directions.

Anti-diabetic agents and the risks of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To evaluate the association between anti-diabetic agents and the risks of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Literature retrieval was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Clinicaltrial.gov between January 1995 and October 2024.

Cathode-mediated electrochemical conversion of phenol to benzoquinone in wastewater: High yield rate and low energy consumption.

Selective conversion of organic pollutants in wastewater into value-added chemicals is a promising strategy for sustainable water management. Electrochemical processes offer attractive features of precise control over reaction pathway to achieve desired products, however, the traditional anode-mediated processes still face challenges of over-oxidation by the inevitably formed of hydroxyl radical (HO). Herein, we proposed a new cathode-mediated approach for selective conversion of phenol to p-benzoquinone (p-BQ) through peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation.

One or two? Comparison of the cardiorenal effects between combination therapy and monotherapy with SGLT2i or GLP1RA.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the cardiorenal effect of combining sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) when compared with monotherapy of either agent in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Clinicaltrial.gov were systematically searched from inception to June 2024.

Tunable triple plasmon-induced transparency in E-type graphene metamaterials.

Enhancing light-matter interaction is crucial for boosting the performance of nanophotonic devices, which can be achieved via plasmon-induced transparency (PIT). This study introduces what we believe to be a novel E-type metamaterial structure crafted from a single graphene layer. The structure, comprising a longitudinal graphene ribbon and three horizontal graphene strips, leverages destructive interference at terahertz frequencies to manifest triple plasmon-induced transparency (triple-PIT).

Selective oxidation of electron-rich pollutants in peroxymonosulfate-activated electro-Fenton system: The role of microenvironment-regulated cathode.

Electro-Fenton technologies driven by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation have been extensively explored for abatement of organic pollutants from water. Unfortunately, a great diversity of matrix components in contaminated water scenarios inevitably and significantly compromises the efficiency of the generated radicals toward target pollutants. Thus, selective oxidation of the electro-Fenton technologies is urgently desired for cost effective and sustainable water treatment, but challenged by the traditional electron transfer pathway from cathode to PMS to mainly form SO and HO radicals.

Mulberry Twig Alkaloids Improved the Progression of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Regulating the PGC1α/PPARα and KEAP1/NRF2 Pathways.

: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common liver disorders associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, and poses a significant global health burden with limited effective treatments. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effects of mulberry twig alkaloids (SZ-A) on MAFLD and to further investigate the underlying mechanisms including the specific targets or pathways. : Diet-induced obesity (DIO) and normal mouse models were established by feeding C57Bl/6J mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) or common diet for 12 weeks.

The weight reduction mediated by anti-obesity medication and the cardiovascular outcome.

The association between anti-obesity medications (AOMs) as well as their weight-loss effects and cardiovascular outcomes need to be comprehensively investigated. We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials for Studies, and Clinicaltrial.gov website from the inception to April 2024 and included 129 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of AOMs.

Identification and validation of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer based on WGCNA.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) represents a significant health challenge for men, and the advancement of the disease often results in a grave prognosis for patients. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa holds paramount importance in patient health management.

Methods: The datasets pertaining to PCa were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.

The association between exposure to famine in early life and risks of diabetic complications in adult patients with type two diabetes.

Background: In this study, we aimed to assess the associations between early exposure to famine and the risks of diabetic complications in adult patients with type two diabetes.

Methods: The participants in this study were selected from China National HbA1c Surveillance System (2009-13) and further stratified according to the birth year. The participants born between 1956-59, 1959-61, and 1962-64 were classified as foetal exposed group with 70 852, infant/toddler exposed group with 93 616, and unexposed group with 72 723 participants.

Efficient multicolour and white circularly polarized luminescence from liquid crystalline polymer networks.

Twelve liquid crystalline polymer network films were fabricated through photopolymerization of cholesteric liquid-crystalline mixtures containing two aggregation-induced emissive-active luminogens. The films exhibit multicolour and white circularly polarized luminescence with dissymmetry factors up to 0.85 and fluorescence quantum yields up to 90%.

Mining unique cysteine synthetases and computational study on thoroughly eliminating feedback inhibition through tunnel engineering.

L-cysteine is an essential component in pharmaceutical and agricultural industries, and synthetic biology has made strides in developing new metabolic pathways for its production, particularly in archaea with unique O-phosphoserine sulfhydrylases (OPSS) as key enzymes. In this study, we employed database mining to identify a highly catalytic activity OPSS from Acetobacterium sp. (AsOPSS).

Combining an Enhanced Polyphosphate Kinase-Driven UDP-Glucose Regeneration System with the Screening of Key Glycosyltransferases for Efficient Synthesis of Nucleoside Disaccharides.

Nucleoside disaccharides are essential glycosides that naturally occur in specific living organisms. This study developed an enhanced UDP-glucose regeneration system to facilitate the multienzyme synthesis of nucleoside disaccharides by integrating it with nucleoside-specific glycosyltransferases. The system utilizes maltodextrin and polyphosphate as cost-effective substrates for UDP-glucose supply, catalyzed by α-glucan phosphorylase (αGP) and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP).

A quadri-fluorescence SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus system for efficient antigenic characterization of multiple circulating variants.

The ongoing co-circulation of multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains necessitates advanced methods such as high-throughput multiplex pseudovirus systems for evaluating immune responses to different variants, crucial for developing updated vaccines and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). We have developed a quadri-fluorescence (qFluo) pseudovirus platform by four fluorescent reporters with different spectra, allowing simultaneous measurement of the nAbs against four variants in a single test. qFluo shows high concordance with the classical single-reporter assay when testing monoclonal antibodies and human plasma.