Interpretable Data-Driven Descriptors for Establishing the Structure-Activity Relationship of Metal-Organic Frameworks Toward Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

The development of readily accessible and interpretable descriptors is pivotal yet challenging in the rational design of metal-organic framework (MOF) catalysts. This study presents a straightforward and physically interpretable activity descriptor for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), derived from a dataset of bimetallic Ni-based MOFs. Through an artificial-intelligence (AI) data-mining subgroup discovery (SGD) approach, a combination of the d-band center and number of missing electrons in e states of Ni, as well as the first ionization energy and number of electrons in e states of the substituents, is revealed as a gene of a superior OER catalyst.

Toward Understanding the Formation Mechanism and OER Catalytic Mechanism of Hydroxides by In Situ and Operando Techniques.

Developing efficient and affordable electrocatalysts for the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a significant barrier that needs to be overcome for the practical applications of hydrogen production via water electrolysis, transforming CO to value-added chemicals, and metal-air batteries. Recently, hydroxides have shown promise as electrocatalysts for OER. In situ or operando techniques are particularly indispensable for monitoring the key intermediates together with understanding the reaction process, which is extremely important for revealing the formation/OER catalytic mechanism of hydroxides and preparing cost-effective electrocatalysts for OER.

The Structure, Preparation, Characterization, and Intercalation Mechanism of Layered Hydroxides Intercalated with Guest Anions.

Since the intercalation of anions into layered hydroxides (LHs) has a great impact not only on their nucleation and growth but also on their structure, composition, and size, the intercalation chemistry of LHs has aroused the strong interest of researchers. However, the progress in the fundamental understanding of LHs intercalated with guest anions have not been paralleled by a concomitant development of the preparation and performance improvement of such materials. Considering the guidance of a timely in-depth review for scientists in this area, a systematic introduction about the development that is made on the above-mentioned issues is highly needed but yet missing so far.

Formation of Amorphous Iron-Calcium Phosphate with High Stability.

Amorphous iron-calcium phosphate (Fe-ACP) plays a vital role in the mechanical properties of teeth of some rodents, which are very hard, but its formation process and synthetic route remain unknown. Here, the synthesis and characterization of an iron-bearing amorphous calcium phosphate in the presence of ammonium iron citrate (AIC) are reported. The iron is distributed homogeneously on the nanometer scale in the resulting particles.

A Bioinspired Gelatin-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Coating on Titanium Implant for Bone Regeneration.

Biocompatible and bio-active coatings can enhance and accelerate osseointegration via chemical binding onto substrates. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) has been shown as a precursor to achieve mineralization in vertebrates and invertebrates under the control of biological macromolecules. This work presents a simple bioinspired Gelatin-CaPO (Gel-CaP) composite coating on titanium surfaces to improve osseointegration.

Revealing the Formation Mechanism and Optimizing the Synthesis Conditions of Layered Double Hydroxides for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), whose formation is strongly related to OH concentration, have attracted significant interest in various fields. However, the effect of the real-time change of OH concentration on LDHs' formation has not been fully explored due to the unsuitability of the existing synthesis methods for in situ characterization. Here, the deliberately designed combination of NH gas diffusion and in situ pH measurement provides a solution to the above problem.

The Gut Microbiota in Liver Transplantation Recipients During the Perioperative Period.

Chronic liver disease is a global problem, and an increasing number of patients receive a liver transplant yearly. The characteristics of intestinal microbial communities may be affected by changes in the pathophysiology of patients during the perioperative. We studied gut fecal microbial community signatures in 37 Chinese adults using 16S rRNA sequencing targeting V3-V4 hypervariable regions, with a total of 69 fecal samples.

Qualitative and quantitative detection of surgical pathogenic microorganisms Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus based on ddPCR system.

Bacterial culture and drug susceptibility testing are used to identify pathogen infections. Nevertheless, the process requires several days from collection to the identification of bacterial species and drug-resistance patterns. The digital PCR system is a rapidly developing quantitative detection technology widely applied to molecular diagnosis, including copy number variations, single nucleotide variant analysis, cancer biomarker discovery, and pathogen identification.

Nitrogen and Oxygen Co-Doping Assisted Synthesis of Highly Dispersed Pd Nanoparticles on Hollow Carbon Spheres as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Electrochemical reduction of O (oxygen reduction reaction; ORR) provides an opportunity to achieve the commercial application of clean energy, but it remains challenging, so the rational design of inexpensive and efficient electrocatalysts is required. Palladium-based electrocatalysts have emerged as a class of the most promising candidates for the ORR, which could accelerate O adsorption, dissociation, and electron transfer. However, the metal Pd atoms tend to aggregate into nanoparticles, driven by the tendency of the metal surface free energy to decrease, which significantly reduces the atom utilization efficiency and the catalytic performance.