Effect of composite organic amendment on Cd(II) ions stabilization and microbial activity under various ammonium sulfate levels.

To attenuate the risk of Cadmium(Cd) contamination and the deterioration of soil quality caused by excessive nitrogen fertilizer application in greenhouse, a composite organic amendment (spend mushroom substrate and its biochar) was prepared to remedy Cd(II) ions contaminated soil (0.6 mg/kg) under different N fertilizer levels. The results showed that in the absence of a composite organic amendment, the soil pH decreased by 0.

Characterization of biochars derived from various spent mushroom substrates and evaluation of their adsorption performance of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution.

A total of 16 biochar adsorbents were produced from four types of spent mushroom substrates to investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature and raw material composition on the Cu(II) adsorption performance of the resulting biochars. It was determined that the pyrolysis temperature and substrate composition markedly influenced the thermal stability, the degree of carbonization, surface functional group content, and structural morphology of the biochars, but did not affect the adsorption isotherms or kinetics. Optimal results were obtained with an initial pH of 5, adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, Cu(II) concentration of 50 mg/L, and temperature of 25 °C.

Alleviation of Cd phytotoxicity and enhancement of rape seedling growth by plant growth-promoting bacterium Enterobacter sp. Zm-123.

The present study aims to investigate the impact of a metal-tolerant bacterium on metal detoxification and rape seedling growth promotion under Cd stress. The results showed that the isolated bacterium Enterobacter sp. Zm-123 has capability to resist Cd (200 mg/L), produce IAA (26.

Spent mushroom substrate combined with alkaline amendment passivates cadmium and improves soil property.

As an extremely toxic metal, cadmium (Cd) is readily taken up by most plants. In situ Cd passivation is of great importance to reduce Cd availability in soil. In this experiment, two alkaline amendments, lime (L) (at a dosage of 0.

Impact of spent mushroom substrate on Cd immobilization and soil property.

This study aims to evaluate the potential of fresh spent mushroom substrate (SMS) in Cd immobilization and soil improvement, compared with spent mushroom substrate biochar (SMSB) and spent mushroom substrate compost (SMSC). A simulating remediation experiment was conducted with soil at Cd concentration of 0.6, 1.

Two physical processes enhanced the performance of Auricularia auricula dreg in Cd(II) adsorption: composting and pyrolysis.

This study aims to discover the impact of composting and pyrolysis on the adsorption performance of Auricularia auricula dreg (AAD) for Cd(II) in aqueous solution. Auricularia auricula dreg (AAD), Auricularia auricula dreg biochar (AADB) and Auricularia auricula dreg compost (AADC) were used to remove Cd(II) from aqueous solution, and their adsorption conditions and mechanisms were compared. The adsorption quantity of three adsorbents reached the maximum (AAD: 80.

Effect of coexisting ions on Cr(VI) adsorption onto surfactant modified Auricularia auricula spent substrate in aqueous solution.

In this paper, the effect of coexisting cations and anions on Cr(VI)(in the form of CrO) adsorption onto Auricularia auricula spent substrate (AASS) modified by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was investigated in batch adsorption experiment. The Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 9.327 mg/g, obtained at pH 3.

Epigenetic modification and inheritance in sexual reversal of fish.

Environmental sex determination (ESD) occurs in divergent, phylogenetically unrelated taxa, and in some species, co-occurs with genetic sex determination (GSD) mechanisms. Although epigenetic regulation in response to environmental effects has long been proposed to be associated with ESD, a systemic analysis on epigenetic regulation of ESD is still lacking. Using half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) as a model-a marine fish that has both ZW chromosomal GSD and temperature-dependent ESD-we investigated the role of DNA methylation in transition from GSD to ESD.

Genome-wide and caste-specific DNA methylomes of the ants Camponotus floridanus and Harpegnathos saltator.

Background: Ant societies comprise individuals belonging to different castes characterized by specialized morphologies and behaviors. Because ant embryos can follow different developmental trajectories, epigenetic mechanisms must play a role in caste determination. Ants have a full set of DNA methyltransferases and their genomes contain methylcytosine.