Insecticide Susceptibility and Detoxification Enzyme Activity of under Three Habitat Conditions.

is a highly destructive and invasive agricultural pest that has developed resistance to a variety of insecticide classes. Different planting structures and insecticide use frequency can directly affect the resistance development of . In this study, the susceptibility of three field strains of , collected over one year (April to November) from three habitat conditions (facility agriculture area, FA; open field crop area, OF; agroforestry intersection area, AI), to spinetoram, spinosad, emamectin benzoate, chlorfenapyr, acetamiprid, and imidacloprid were monitored and compared.

Effects of elevated CO on activities of protective and detoxifying enzymes in Frankliniella occidentalis and F. intonsa under spinetoram stress.

Background: Elevated CO can directly affect the toxicity of insecticides to insects and the physiological response of insects to insecticides. Frankliniella occidentalis and F. intonsa are highly destructive pests that target horticultural crops.