The temporal trends of prevalence and years lived with disability of anaemia in China, Japan, and South Korea, from 1990 to 2021: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Studies have shown that the disease burden of anaemia varies globally, yet they have not yet determined its exact extent in East Asian countries specifically. We thus aimed to investigate the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to anaemia from 1990 to 2021 in China, Japan, and South Korea.

Methods: We extracted the prevalence and YLDs with their age-standardised rates (ASRs) in China, Japan, and South Korea from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, stratified by sex, age, and causes.

Activation of A1 reactive astrocytes in the medullary dorsal horn of rats participates in the chronification of trigeminal neuralgia.

Objectives: The activation of astrocytes is an important process in the formation of chronic pain. This study aims to observe the activation of A1 reactive astrocytes in the medullary dorsal horn in the rat model of trigeminal neuralgia, and to explore the mechanism of central sensitization caused by A1 reactive astrocyte.

Methods: The adult male rats were randomly divided into a sham group and a chronic constriction injury of infraorbital nerve (ION-CCI) group.

The L-shaped association of mid-upper arm circumference with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in US adults: a population-based prospective cohort study.

Background: The arm circumference is a feasible and reliable indicator in evaluating the nutritional status of children. However, its application in general adults has yet to be thoroughly investigated.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between mid-upper arm circumferences (MUACs) and mortality in general adults.

L-Shaped Association of Serum Chloride Level With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in American Adults: Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Chloride is the most abundant anion in the human extracellular fluid and plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that hypochloremia can act as an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes in various clinical settings. However, the association of variances of serum chloride with long-term mortality risk in general populations has been rarely investigated.

Inhibition of spinal ferroptosis-like cell death alleviates hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain in a mouse model of bone cancer pain.

Bone cancer pain (BCP) impairs patients' quality of life. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study investigated the role of spinal interneuron death using a pharmacological inhibitor of ferroptosis in a mouse model of BCP.

Self-Reported Sleep Disturbance is an Independent Predictor of All-Cause Mortality and Respiratory Disease Mortality in US Adults: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.

Self-reported sleep disturbance is common but its association with mortality has rarely been investigated. This prospective cohort analysis included 41,257 participants enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2018. Self-reported sleep disturbance in the present study refers to the patients who have ever consulted doctors or other professionals for trouble sleeping.

L-shaped association of serum calcium with all-cause and CVD mortality in the US adults: A population-based prospective cohort study.

Background: Calcium is involved in many biological processes, but the impact of serum calcium levels on long-term mortality in general populations has been rarely investigated.

Methods: This prospective cohort study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2018). All-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and cancer mortality were obtained through linkage to the National Death Index.

Predicting the prognosis in patients with sepsis by a pyroptosis-related gene signature.

Background: Sepsis remains a life-threatening disease with a high mortality rate that causes millions of deaths worldwide every year. Many studies have suggested that pyroptosis plays an important role in the development and progression of sepsis. However, the potential prognostic and diagnostic value of pyroptosis-related genes in sepsis remains unknown.

Upregulation of Spinal miR-155-5p Contributes to Mechanical Hyperalgesia by Promoting Inflammatory Activation of Microglia in Bone Cancer Pain Rats.

Bone cancer pain (BCP) seriously deteriorates the life quality of patients, but its underlying mechanism is still unclear. Spinal microRNAs might contribute to the development of BCP and the role of microglial activation is controversial. In this study, we established a BCP model by injecting Walker 256 breast carcinoma cells into the tibial intramedullary cavity of rats and significant hyperalgesia was observed in the BCP rats.

Overexpression of GDNF in Spinal Cord Attenuates Morphine Analgesic Tolerance in Rats with Bone Cancer Pain.

Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the typical and distressing symptoms in cancer patients. Morphine is a widely used analgesic drug for BCP; however, long-term morphine administration will lead to analgesic tolerance. Our previous study indicated that spinal glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) exerts analgesic effects in rats with BCP.

Identification and characterization of N6-methyladenosine circular RNAs in the spinal cord of morphine-tolerant rats.

Morphine tolerance (MT) is a tricky problem, the mechanism of it is currently unknown. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) serve significant functions in the biological processes (BPs) of the central nervous system. N6-methyladenosine (mA), as a key post-transcriptional modification of RNA, can regulate the metabolism and functions of circRNAs.

Burden of brain and other central nervous system cancer in China, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis of observational data from the global burden of disease study 2019.

Objective: To evaluate the trends in disease burden and the epidemiological features of central nervous system (CNS) cancer in China from 1990 to 2019.

Design: A population-based observational study.

Setting: The incidence, prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to CNS cancer in China, stratified by sex, age and provincial region, were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Effect of Electroencephalography Spectral Edge Frequency (SEF) and Patient State Index (PSI)-Guided Propofol-Remifentanil Anesthesia on Delirium After Laparoscopic Surgery: The eMODIPOD Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The effect of SedLine electroencephalography (EEG)-guided anesthetic care on postoperative delirium (POD) has not been studied.

Methods: This single-center randomized EEG Monitoring tO Decrease the Incidence of Post-Operative Delirium (eMODIPOD) trial involved 1560 patients aged 50 years or above undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Propofol-remifentanil anesthesia was guided either by SedLine (EEG-guided care, n=779) or not (usual care, n=781).

Downregulation of microRNA-199a-5p alleviated lidocaine-induced sensory dysfunction and spinal cord myelin lesions in a rat model.

Lidocaine induces neurotoxicity in the spinal cord, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of miR-199a-5p on 10 % lidocaine neurotoxicity. Increased expression of miR-199a-5p in the spinal cord of rats treated with 10 % lidocaine was assessed by qRT-PCR.

Effect of different perfusion flow on carotid artery blood flow during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with different perfusion flow on carotid artery blood by using the carotid artery ultrasound.

Methods: Forty-five adult patients during Dec. 2014 to Jan.

Transcriptomic analysis of long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs expression profiles in the spinal cord of bone cancer pain rats.

Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the most common types of chronic cancer pain and its pathogenesis has not been fully understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are new promising targets in the field of pain research, however, their involvements in BCP have not been reported. In the present study, we established the BCP model by implantation of Walker 256 carcinoma cells into rats' tibial medullary cavity and performed transcriptome sequencing of the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord to explore changes in expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA.

Minocycline Relieves Depressive-Like Behaviors in Rats With Bone Cancer Pain by Inhibiting Microglia Activation in Hippocampus.

Background: Pain and depression are highly prevalent symptoms in cancer patients. They tend to occur simultaneously and affect each other and share biological pathways and neurotransmitters. In this study, we investigated the roles of microglia in the hippocampus in the comorbidity of bone cancer pain and depressive-like behaviors in an animal model of bone cancer pain.

[P38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 attenuates the toxicity of ropivacaine on PC12 cells].

To investigate the effect of SB203580, a p38MAPK specific inhibitor, on ropivacaine-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells.
 Methods: PC12 cells were divided into three groups: the normal group (Group N), cells were cultured for 48 h; the ropivacaine group (Group R), cells were cultured with 15 mmol/L ropivacaine hydrochloride for 48 h; the ropivacaine+SB203580 group (Group R+S), cells were cultured with 15 mmol/L ropivacaine hydrochloride plus 10 μmol/L SB203580 for 48 h. The cell survival rates were detected by MTT assay.

[Establishment and differential protein identification of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for proteomics in the spinal cord of morphine-tolerant rats].

To establish a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) map for comparative proteomic analysis of rat spinal cord with chronic morphine tolerance, and to detect differentially expression proteins that are associated with chronic morphine tolerance.
 Methods: Sixteen male SD rats received the intrathecal catheterization operation and they were randomly divided into a morphine tolerance group (MT group, n=8) and a saline group (NS group, n=8). The lumbar enlargement segments of the MT group and the NS group spinal cord were harvested and proteins were separated by 2-DE.

miR-873a-5p Targets A20 to Facilitate Morphine Tolerance in Mice.

Long-term morphine administration leads to tolerance and a gradual reduction in analgesic potency. Noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) modulate gene expression in a posttranscriptional manner, and their dysregulation causes various diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that miRNAs play a regulatory role in the development of morphine tolerance.

Normalizing HDAC2 Levels in the Spinal Cord Alleviates Thermal and Mechanical Hyperalgesia After Peripheral Nerve Injury and Promotes GAD65 and KCC2 Expression.

Neuropathic pain is a worldwide health concern with poor treatment outcomes. Accumulating evidence suggests that histone hypoacetylation is involved in development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Thus, many natural and synthetic histone deacetylase (HDACs) inhibitors were tested and exhibited a remarkable analgesic effect against neuropathic pain in animals.

[Vascular endothelial growth factor antibody attenuates diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain in rats].

To explore the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain in rats.
 Methods: Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 per group). The control group (C group): rats were intraperitoneally injected with sodium citrate solution at 10 mL/kg; the model group (M group): rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin at 65 mg/kg; the treatment group (T group): rats received intraperitoneal injection of anti-VEGF antibody (10 mg/kg) at the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th day after STZ treatment.

High-fat diet exacerbates postoperative pain and inflammation in a sex-dependent manner.

Obesity is often associated with increased pain, but little is known about the effects of obesity and diet on postoperative pain. In this study, effects of diet and obesity were examined in the paw incision model, a preclinical model of postoperative pain. Long-Evans rats were fed high-fat diet (40% calories from butter fat) or low-fat normal chow.

Sufentanil Alleviates Intrathecal Lidocaine Induced Prolonged Sensory and Motor Impairments but not the Spinal Histological Injury in Rats.

Spinal anesthesia has evolved into a safe and widely accepted method of anesthesia. Synergy between opioids and local anesthetics further increases the quality of analgesia and decreases the dose requirement of both local anesthetics and opioids. However, over the last decades compelling evidence suggested that lidocaine could be more neurotoxic than other commonly used local anesthetics.

Suppression of HDAC2 in Spinal Cord Alleviates Mechanical Hyperalgesia and Restores KCC2 Expression in a Rat Model of Bone Cancer Pain.

Epigenetic modulation participates in the mechanism of multiple types of pathological pain, so targeting the involved regulators may be a promising strategy for pain treatment. Our previous research identified the analgesic effect of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on mechanical hyperalgesia in a rat model of bone cancer pain (BCP) via restoration of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) expression. However, the specific types of HDACs contributing to BCP have not been explored.