Intrathecal lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors FX11 and oxamate alleviate chronic constriction injury-induced nociceptive sensitization through neuroinflammation and angiogenesis.

Background: Neuropathic pain involves neuroinflammation and upregulation of glycolysis in the central nervous system. Unfortunately, few effective treatments are available for managing this type of pain. The overactivation of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), an essential enzyme in glycolysis, can cause neuroinflammation and nociception.

Antibacterial and therapeutic effects of low energy shock waves on uropathogenic E. coli investigated by in vitro and in vivo cystitis rat model.

Aims: Low-energy shock waves (LESWs) are known to alter cell-membrane permeability. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LESWs on Escherichia coli and E. coli-induced cystitis in rats.

Intrathecal Fumagillin Alleviates Chronic Neuropathy-Induced Nociceptive Sensitization and Modulates Spinal Astrocyte-Neuronal Glycolytic and Angiogenic Proteins.

Nociceptive sensitization is accompanied by the upregulation of glycolysis in the central nervous system in neuropathic pain. Growing evidence has demonstrated glycolysis and angiogenesis to be related to the inflammatory processes. This study investigated whether fumagillin inhibits neuropathic pain by regulating glycolysis and angiogenesis.

Local Magnesium Sulfate Administration Ameliorates Nociception, Peripheral Inflammation, and Spinal Sensitization in a Rat Model of Incisional Pain.

Objective: Postoperative pain remains one of the most common complaints after surgery, and appropriate treatments are limited.

Methods: We therefore investigated the effect of the anti-nociceptive properties of magnesium sulfate (MgSO), an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, on incision-induced postoperative pain and peripheral and central nervous system inflammation.

Results: We found that local MgSO administration dose-dependently increases paw withdrawal latency, indicating reduced peripheral postoperative pain.

Platelet Lysate Therapy Attenuates Hypoxia Induced Apoptosis in Human Uroepithelial SV-HUC-1 Cells through Regulating the Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial-Mediated Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway.

(1) Background: Ischemia/hypoxia plays an important role in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to relieve symptoms of IC/BPS by regulating new inflammatory processes and promoting tissue repair. However, the mechanism of action of PRP on the IC/BPS bladder remains unclear.

Low-Energy Shock Wave Suppresses Prostatic Pain and Inflammation by Modulating Mitochondrial Dynamics Regulators on a Carrageenan-Induced Prostatitis Model in Rats.

A low-energy shock wave (LESW) has therapeutic effects on chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS); however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. We explored the effects of LESW on the prostate and mitochondrial dynamics regulators in a rat model of carrageenan-induced prostatitis. The imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics regulators may affect the inflammatory process and molecules and contribute to CP/CPPS.

New Frontiers of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Medicine in Urology from Bench to Clinical Studies.

A shock wave (SW), which carries energy and propagates through a medium, is a type of continuous transmitted sonic wave that can achieve rapid energy transformations. SWs have been applied for many fields of medical science in various treatment settings. In urology, high-energy extracorporeal SWs have been used to disintegrate urolithiasis for 30 years.

Nucleotide polymorphism in ARDS outcome: a whole exome sequencing association study.

Background: Genetic locus were identified associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Our goal was to explore the associations between genetic variants and ARDS outcome, as well as subphenotypes.

Methods: This was a single-center, prospective observational trial enrolling adult ARDS patients.

Interleukin-1β Protection Against Experimental Sepsis in Mice.

The inflammatory response involving interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been thought to play an important role in the development of late-phase sepsis. However, in this study, we wanted to explore the possibility of using IL-1β to improve the prognosis of sepsis by triggering local differentiation of bone marrow cells (BMCs) into regulatory dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo, thereby reversing the immune paralysis in late-phase sepsis. Sepsis mouse models were induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and lethal Escherichia coli O18 infection.

Dose-Dependent Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment on Burn-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats.

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has been used to reduce neuropathic pain. Melatonin and opioid receptors are involved in neuropathic pain, but it is not known if HBOT works through these pathways to achieve its antinociceptive effect. We divided anesthetized rats into two treatment and three sham groups.

Galectin-9-like from Angiostrongylus cantonensis young adult worms modulates eosinophil chemotaxis in vitro.

Background/purpose: Eosinophils are recruited to the brain of mice after infection with Angiostrongylus canonensis. Several factors produced by infected mice are well known playing the role to chemoattract eosinophils from the blood into the brain. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Angiostronylus cantonensis young-adult worms (AcYA) have components which have eosinophilic chemotactic activity.

Early Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Attenuates Burn-Induced Neuroinflammation by Inhibiting the Galectin-3-Dependent Toll-Like Receptor-4 Pathway in a Rat Model.

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment has been proven to decrease neuroinflammation in rats. This study aimed to determine the potential mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of HBO treatment on burn-induced neuroinflammation in rats. Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to the following six groups ( = 6 per group): (1) sham burn with sham HBO treatment; (2) sham burn with HBO treatment; (3) burn with one-week sham HBO treatment; (4) burn with two-week sham HBO treatment; (5) burn with one-week HBO treatment; and (6) burn with two-week HBO treatment.

Role of the Ca-Calcineurin-Nuclear Factor of Activated T cell Pathway in Mitofusin-2-Mediated Immune Function of Jurkat Cells.

Background: Mitofusin-2 (MFN2), a well-known mitochondrial fusion protein, has been shown to participate in innate immunity, but its role in mediating adaptive immunity remains poorly characterized. In this study, we explored the potential role of MFN2 in mediating the immune function of T lymphocytes.

Methods: We manipulated MFN2 gene expression in Jurkat cells via lentiviral transduction of MFN2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or full-length MFN2.

Nonlinear Inertia Weighted Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization for Solving Global Optimization Problem.

Teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm is proposed in recent years that simulates the teaching-learning phenomenon of a classroom to effectively solve global optimization of multidimensional, linear, and nonlinear problems over continuous spaces. In this paper, an improved teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm is presented, which is called nonlinear inertia weighted teaching-learning-based optimization (NIWTLBO) algorithm. This algorithm introduces a nonlinear inertia weighted factor into the basic TLBO to control the memory rate of learners and uses a dynamic inertia weighted factor to replace the original random number in teacher phase and learner phase.

Nicotine ameliorates experimental severe acute pancreatitis via enhancing immunoregulation of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells.

Objectives: Activation of "nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway" could reduce severity of inflammation and injury induced by acute pancreatitis. However, the role of regulatory T (Treg) cells in this pathway is unclear.

Methods: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) was induced in mice through retrograde injection of 50-μL 2% Na-taurocholate into the pancreatic duct of the mouse.

Role of mitofusin-2 in high mobility group box-1 protein-mediated apoptosis of T cells in vitro.

Background: High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), a ubiquitous nuclear protein, which is recognized as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) triggering activation of the innate immune system. Previous studies have shown that HMGB1 also plays a role in T cell-mediated immunity, but the effect of HMGB1 on apoptosis of T cells and its precise mechanism remain to be determined.

Methods: Two kinds of apoptosis assay techniques were used, i.

Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide attenuates cecal ligation and puncture sepsis via circuiting regulatory T cells in mice.

Background: Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CPPS) isolated from one of the Chinese herbs is known to have a variety of immunomodulatory activities. However, it is not clear whether CPPS can exert an effect on the immune functions of regulatory T cells (Tregs). This study was carried out to investigate the effect of CPPS on the immune function of peripheral blood Tregs in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).

Curcumin inhibits suppressive capacity of naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in mice in vitro.

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for maintenance of immunological tolerance and have been shown to be important in regulating the immune responses in many diseases. Curcumin, a phytochemical obtained from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa, has achieved the potential therapeutic interest to numerous immune-related disorders. However, the effect and mechanism of curcumin on Tregs remain largely elusive.

[Effect of ulinastatin on oxidative stress and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 expression in the lung tissues of acute hydrogen sulfide intoxicated rats].

Objective: To investigate the dynamic changes of oxidative stress and nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in the lung tissues of acute hydrogen sulfide (H2S) intoxicated rats and intervention effects of ulinastatin (UTI).

Methods: A total of 96 SD rats of clean grade were divided randomly into four groups: normal control group (n = 8), UTI control group (n = 8), H2S -intoxicated model group (n = 40), and UTI treatment group (n = 40). The H2S-intoxicated model group and UTI treatment group were exposed to H2S (283.