[The application of forward and reversal flow axial island flap based on the superficial temporal artery in the orbital skin defects].

Objective: To investigate the application of forward and reversal flow axial island flap in the orbital skin defects.

Methods: According to the distribution of superficial temporal artery as well as the anastomoses with the branches of supraorbital artery and supratrochlear artery, etc, the frontal, scalp, preauricular and postauricular island flaps were designed. The flaps were displaced through subcutaneous tunnel to cover all kinds of orbital skin defects.

[Longitudinal gracilis musculocutaneous flaps with a crossing boundary blood supply from the obturator artery].

Objective: The traditional gracilis musculocutaneous flap is supplied by a branch of deep femoral artery, which enters the muscle in between the upper and middle third of it. So the flap barely reaches the pelvis and perineum region for reconstruction. By exploring the blood supply pattern we tried to rotate the flap Upon at the higher point starting at the obturator foramen in order to let it cover a bigger area.

[Repairing large alar defects by using a retro-grade auricular flap].

Objective: To evaluate a retro-grade auricular flap for repairing large alar defects.

Methods: Twenty-nine adult cadavers were anatomically used for vascular investigation of the frontal, nasal and temporal regions by injecting a dye into the main vessels. Based on the anatomical study in these regions, a retro-grade auricular flap was designed for repairing alar defects in 16 patients.