Glutathione homeostasis and Cd tolerance in the Arabidopsis sultr1;1-sultr1;2 double mutant with limiting sulfate supply.

Cadmium sensitivity in sultr1;1 - sultr1;2 double mutant with limiting sulfate supply is attributed to the decreased glutathione content that affected oxidative defense but not phytochelatins' synthesis. In plants, glutathione (GSH) homeostasis plays pivotal role in cadmium (Cd) detoxification. GSH is synthesized by sulfur (S) assimilation pathway.

Effect of yessotoxin on cytosolic calcium levels in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells .

Yessotoxin (YTX) and its analogs are a type of marine toxins found in marine environments in numerous coastal countries. These toxins tend to accumulate in filter-feeding molluscs and may threaten the shellfish industry and public health. Several previous studies indicated that YTX may induce apoptosis in different types of cell lines, although the exact underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated.

Yessotoxin induces apoptosis in HL7702 human liver cells.

The marine toxin yessotoxin (YTX) is found in numerous aquatic environments and poses a potential threat to the shellfish industry and to public health. We analyzed the toxicity of YTX on HL7702 human liver cells using optical microscopy, Hoechst 33342 chromatin staining, DNA gel electrophoresis, rhodamine 123 staining and calcium-sensitive laser scanning confocal microscopy. The results demonstrated that YTX induced the usual hallmarks of apoptosis, including chromatin condensation, DNA laddering, activity of caspase-3 deregulation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential.

Generation of the CF3 radical from trifluoromethylsulfonium triflate and its trifluoromethylation of styrenes.

The CF(3) radical was generated from the reaction of S-(trifluoromethyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate with Na(2)S(2)O(4) or HOCH(2)SO(2)Na under suitable conditions without further reduction. Based on this, a method for the synthesis of α-trifluoromethylated ketones has been successfully developed.

Apoptosis induced by yessotoxins in Hela human cervical cancer cells in vitro.

To investigate the apoptotic effects of an extract of red-tide algae, Protoceratium reticulatum, on HeLa cells, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, optical microscopy, Hoechst 33342/propidine iodide staining, and DNA gel electrophoresis to analyze its constituents and toxicity, as well as rhodamine 123 staining to investigate changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. Analysis showed that the P. reticulatum extract contained the yessotoxins (YTXs) homo-YTX, 45-OH-YTX and 45-OH-homo-YTX.

Characterization of apoptotic changes induced by yessotoxin in the Bel7402 human hepatoma cell line.

The apoptotic effects of yessotoxin (YTX) on Bel7402 human hepatoma cells have been evaluated by the combination of several methods, including optical microscopy, Hoechst 33342 staining and DNA gel electrophoresis. Rhodamine 123 staining has also been used to investigate changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential. The results indicated that YTX has negative effects on human liver cells and induces apoptosis.

[Increasing pattern of phytoplankton biomass with species richness and tests of sampling and complementary effects].

A total of eighteen common phytoplankton species in China coastal waters were divided into different assemblages to investigate the increasing pattern of the assemblage biomass with species richness. The sampling effect was studied by multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) method, and the complementary effect was explored by over-yielding analysis, relative yield total (RYT) index, and subset approach. It was shown that the increasing pattern of assemblage biomass with species richness was not unitary.

Competition and coexistence in regional habitats.

Habitat heterogeneity plays a key role in the dynamics and structures of communities. In this article, a two-species metapopulation model that includes local competitive dynamics is analyzed to study the population dynamics of two competing species in spatially structured habitats. When local stochastic extinction can be ignored, there are, as in Lotka-Volterra equations, four outcomes of interspecific competition in this model.

[Effects of species richness on colony biomass and tests of sampling- and complementary effect].

With eight species of unicellular algae cultured in random combinations to construct the assemblages with different degrees of richness, the increase pattern of colony biomass with the change of species richness was investigated, and the sampling effect was detected by using multiple variance analysis (MANOVA) method. Three analysis methods, i. e.