Enhanced itaconic acid secretion from macrophages mediates the protection of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury mice.

Background: Alveolar macrophages (AMs) is critical to exacerbate acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via inhibiting inflammation, which could by shifted by mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos). But the underlying rationale is not fully clarified. Our study aimed to analyze the significance of itaconic acid (ITA) in mediating the protective effects of MSC-exos on LPS-induced ALI.

Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on postoperative delirium: a system review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on postoperative delirium (PD), and evaluate the effectiveness of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy on PD among OSA patients.

Methods: We systematically searched Embase, Cochrane Library and PubMed databases from their establishment to November 27, 2022. A random-effects approach was employed to determine aggregated results.

Clinical profile analysis and nomogram for predicting in-hospital mortality among elderly severe community-acquired pneumonia patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Severe community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most lethal forms of CAP with high mortality. For rapid and accurate decisions, we developed a mortality prediction model specifically tailored for elderly SCAP patients.

Methods: The retrospective study included 2365 elderly patients.

Effectiveness of mandibular advancement devices in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and the impact of different body positions on treatment： A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mandibular advancement device (MAD) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and explore the effect of different positions on MAD for OSA.

Methods: The Embase, PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies evaluating the effect of MAD on the treatment of OSA from database inception to November 2022. The Bayesian random-effects mode was used to calculate the pooled outcome.

Real-world evidence of osimertinib in Chinese patients with EGFR T790M-positive non-small cell lung cancer: a subgroup analysis from ASTRIS study.

Purpose: ASTRIS study aimed the largest to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of second- or higher-line osimertinib in patients with advanced/metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the real-world setting. Here we report the results of Chinese patients in ASTRIS study.

Methods: Adults with EGFR T790M-positive advanced NSCLC pretreated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), having a WHO performance status score of 0-2 and asymptomatic, stable central nervous system (CNS) metastases were included.

Regulated cell death in cancer: from pathogenesis to treatment.

Regulated cell death (RCD), including apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, is regulated by a series of evolutionarily conserved pathways, and is required for development and tissue homeostasis. Based on previous genetic and biochemical explorations of cell death subroutines, the characteristics of each are generally considered distinctive. However, recent in-depth studies noted the presence of crosstalk between the different forms of RCD; hence, the concept of PANoptosis appeared.

A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial of Tobramycin Inhalation Solution in Adults With Bronchiectasis With Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection.

Background: Few large-scale studies have demonstrated the efficacy of tobramycin nebulization in bronchiectasis. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of nebulized tobramycin inhalation solution (TIS) in adults with bronchiectasis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Research Question: Can TIS effectively reduce sputum P aeruginosa density and improve the bronchiectasis-specific quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis with P aeruginosa infection?

Study Design And Methods: This was a phase 3, 16-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Developing a Nomogram-Based Scoring Tool to Estimate the Risk of Pulmonary Embolism.

Background: Pulmonary embolisms (PEs) are clinically challenging because of their high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to develop a scoring tool for predicting PEs to improve their clinical management.

Methods: Clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters were retrospectively collected from suspected PE patients who had cough or chest pain and were hospitalized in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from May 2015 to April 2020.

MiR-124-3p targeting PDE4B attenuates LPS-induced ALI through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: A large number of studies have found that microRNAs (miRNAs) and phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) are crucial regulators of inflammatory responses in acute lung injury (ALI).

Objective: This study will explore the protective effect of miR-124-3p on ALI and its related mechanism.

Methods: The ALI mouse model was established by intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, lung injury score, inflammation factors, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) count, total protein and lung wet weight/dry weight (W/D) ratio.

The Effect of Conservative Oxygen Therapy in Reducing Mortality in Critical Care Patients: A Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.

Conservative oxygen therapy can prevent both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia, but the effect on the prognosis of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) remains controversial. All controlled studies comparing conservative oxygen therapy and conventional oxygen therapy in adult patients admitted to the ICU were searched. The primary outcome was mortality, and the secondary outcomes were length of ICU stay (ICU LOS), length of hospital stay (hospital LOS), length of mechanical ventilation (MV) hours, new organ failure during ICU stay, and new infections during ICU stay.

Coexistence of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Within a Single Lesion: A Case Report.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer are both common diseases with poor prognosis and high mortality worldwide. The coexistence of the two diseases has rarely been reported while their relationship has been noted. Here we describe a patient diagnosed with both TB and squamous cell carcinoma in a single lesion.

Differences in the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in the epicenter and peripheral areas of the pandemic from China: a retrospective, large-sample, comparative analysis.

Background: There is limited information on the difference in epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcomes of the initial outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan (the epicenter) and Sichuan (the peripheral area) in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted to investigate the differences in the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 between the epicenter and peripheral areas of pandemic and thereby generate information that would be potentially helpful in formulating clinical practice recommendations to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The Sichuan & Wuhan Collaboration Research Group for COVID-19 established two retrospective cohorts that separately reflect the epicenter and peripheral area during the early pandemic.

The independent factors associated with oxygen therapy in COVID-19 patients under 65 years old.

Background: The number of hospitalized young coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has increased significantly. However, specific data about COVID-19 patients under 65 years old who are admitted to the hospital are scarce.

Methods: The COVID-19 patients under 65 years old who were admitted to the hospital in Sichuan Province, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, and Wuhan Red Cross Hospital were included in this study.

Comparison of Different Clinical Prognostic Scores in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism and Active Cancer.

Objective: This article aimed to validate and compare the prognostic performance of generic scores (Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index [PESI] and Hestia) and cancer-specific pulmonary embolism (PE)/venous thromboembolism (VTE) scales (Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbólica [RIETE], POMPE-C, and modified Ottawa) in PE patients with active cancer.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 460 patients with PE and active cancer. The primary outcome was 30-day overall mortality.

Characteristics of Pulmonary Auscultation in Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in China.

Background: Effective auscultations are often hard to implement in isolation wards. To date, little is known about the characteristics of pulmonary auscultation in novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the features and clinical significance of pulmonary auscultation in COVID-19 pneumonia using an electronic stethoscope in isolation wards.

Clinical Phenotypes of Patients Hospitalized for an Asthma Exacerbation: Prognostic Implications.

Background: Hospitalization due to acute asthma exacerbation (AE) is a highly detrimental situation requiring critical management to prevent further deterioration, including mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death. However, patients hospitalized for AEs are highly heterogeneous and remain largely unexplored.

Objective: To identify clinical and inflammatory phenotypes of AE requiring hospitalization associated with in-hospital outcomes.

Comparison between the Khorana prediction score and Caprini risk assessment models for assessing the risk of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with cancer: a retrospective case control study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the optimal risk assessment model (RAM) to stratify the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients with cancer. We examined and compared the VTE predictive ability of the Khorana score (KS) and the Caprini RAM in hospitalized cancer patients.

Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study among hospitalized cancer patients admitted to a comprehensive hospital in China from January 2015 to December 2016.

Prevention and treatment system of novel coronavirus infection in medical and health institutions: experience in West China Hospital of Sichuan University.

The novel coronavirus infection broke out in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and progressed to a global pandemic. We describe the measures taken by West China Hospital of Sichuan University to address the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the infection.

Correction to: The effect of corticosteroids on the mortality of patients with influenza pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Acute myocardial injury is common in patients with COVID-19 and impairs their prognosis.

Objective: We sought to explore the prevalence and immediate clinical implications of acute myocardial injury in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in a region of China where medical resources are less stressed than in Wuhan (the epicentre of the pandemic).

Methods: We prospectively assessed the medical records, laboratory results, chest CT images and use of medication in a cohort of patients presenting to two designated covid-19 treatment centres in Sichuan, China. Outcomes of interest included death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), need for mechanical ventilation, treatment with vasoactive agents and classification of disease severity.

Could the loss of diaphragm thickness measured by computer tomography predict the rate of reintubation?

Background: Diaphragm function loss is very common in the intensive care unit (ICU) and can predict the success of weaning. However, whether diaphragm thickness loss during mechanical ventilation (MV) as measured by computed tomography (CT) can predict the rate of reintubation remains unclear. Therefore, we hypothesized that a loss of diaphragm thickness would impact the outcome of weaning.

Can haloperidol prophylaxis reduce the incidence of delirium in critically ill patients in intensive care units? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of haloperidol in the prevention of delirium in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for eligible randomized controlled trials up to July 2019. No publication type or language restrictions were applied.