Converging frontiers in cancer treatment: the role of nanomaterials, mesenchymal stem cells, and microbial agents-challenges and limitations.

Globally, people widely recognize cancer as one of the most lethal diseases due to its high mortality rates and lack of effective treatment options. Ongoing research into cancer therapies remains a critical area of inquiry, holding significant social relevance. Currently used treatment, such as chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery, often suffers from other problems like damaging side effects, inaccuracy, and the lack of ability to clear tumors.

Expression of selected long non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer cells treated with coumarin: Possible mechanisms for anti-cancer activity.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be utilized as prognostic indicators of gastric cancer since they can affect several cancer-related processes. Coumarin is a natural product with some useful anti-cancer properties. Here, we measured the expression of selected lncRNAs (RuPAR, SNHG6, CASC11, and their targets, miR-340-5p, p21, E-cadherin, and CDK1) in AGS gastric cancer cells treated with coumarin.

Isolation and identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria from raw milk and traditional cheese based on the 16S rRNA and hsp65 genes, Tehran, Iran.

As an important source of human food, milk can be a carrier of human pathogenic bacteria, including tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), in its raw and unpasteurized state. In this research, 175 raw milk samples and 175 traditional cheese samples were collected from traditional dairy stores in 22 regions of Tehran in a 9- month period from August 2019 to May 2020. Samples were prepared and transferred to a specialized laboratory, where they were inoculated in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium containing glycerol or sodium pyruvate, as well as Herrold's egg-yolk with and without Mycobactin J.

More insights about genomic population structure of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) from multiple hosts in west and central provinces of Iran using a boosted genotyping approach.

To investigate the population genetic of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) in Iran, Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units (MIRUs) and Multi Locus Short Sequence Repeat (MLSSR) system were employed. Numerous genotypes by MIRU (N = 11) and MLSSR (N = 9) methods bearing discriminatory indices of 0.

Interleukin-24-mediated antitumor effects against human glioblastoma via upregulation of P38 MAPK and endogenous TRAIL-induced apoptosis and LC3-II activation-dependent autophagy.

Background: Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 7 (Mda-7) encodes IL-24, which can induce apoptosis in cancer cells. A novel gene therapy approach to treat deadly brain tumors, recombinant mda-7 adenovirus (Ad/mda-7) efficiently kills glioma cells. In this study, we investigated the factors affecting cell survival and apoptosis and autophagy mechanisms that destroy glioma cells by Ad/IL-24.

Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by spp. and Investigation of their Antimicrobial Effect.

Background: Nanoparticle biology is preferable to other common methods due to its economic efficiency and compatibility with the environment. On the other hand, the prevalence of drug-resistant bacterial strains is expanding and it is necessary to use alternative antibiotic compounds to deal with them. The aim of the present study was the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs) by Lactobacillus spp.

Antibacterial Effects of Nanocomposites on Efflux Pump Expression and Biofilm Production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Systematic Review.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen with multiple mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics. This systematic review aimed to study the antibacterial effects of nanocomposites on efflux pump expression and biofilm production in P. aeruginosa.

Carotenoid pigment of Halophilic archaeon Haloarcula sp. A15 induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells.

The halophilic microorganisms living in extreme environments contain high concentrations of carotenoids with notable medical abilities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effect of carotenoids extracted from native Iranian halophilic microorganisms with the ability to inhibit breast cancer cell line. To begin the study, 40 halophilic strains were cultured, and 8 strains capable of producing pigmented colonies were chosen from those cultured strains.

Investigation of diverse biosynthetic secondary metabolites gene clusters using genome mining of indigenous strains isolated from saline soils in Iran.

Background And Objectives: Bioactive secondary metabolites are the products of microbial communities adapting to environmental challenges, which have yet remained anonymous. As a result of demands in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food industries, microbial metabolites should be investigated. The most substantial sources of secondary metabolites are strains and are potential candidates for bioactive compound production.

The Prevalence of bla VIM, bla KPC, bla NDM, bla IMP, bla SHV, bla TEM, bla CTX-M, and class I and II integrons Genes in Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Clinical Specimens of Qom, Iran.

Background: Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic gram-negative bacillus that causes diseases such as gastroenteritis, muscle infections, soft tissue, sepsis, and skin diseases in humans. Today, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria has led to treatment failure and prolonged treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the level of antibiotic resistance in isolates carrying bla VIM, bla KPC, bla NDM, bla IMP, bla SHV, bla TEM, bla CTX-M and class I and II integrons in Aeromonas hydrophila.

Exosomal long non-coding RNAs: novel molecules in gastrointestinal cancers' progression and diagnosis.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers arise in the GI tract and accessory organs, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. GI cancers are a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Exosomes act as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, with pleiotropic activity in the regulation of homeostasis, and can be markers for diseases.

Interrelation among exercise training, cardiac hypertrophy, and tissue kallikrein-kinin system in athlete and non-athlete women.

The tissue kallikrein-kinin system is an endogenous homeostatic pathway, which its stimulation is associated with cardioprotection. The present study aimed to determine the effect of exercise training on plasma tissue kallikrein (TK) and bradykinin (BK) and their association with cardiac hypertrophy. 22 non-athlete and 22 athlete women were exposed to acute (Bruce test) and chronic (12-week swimming training) exercises.

Mixed pulmonary infection with four isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria: a case report of mycobacterium bacteremicum infection.

Background: A mixed pulmonary infection of Mycobacterium bacteremicum and three different isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is an unusual clinical manifestation and have not yet been indicated. In this case report, we reported four isolates of NTM using phenotypic and genotypic test of pulmonary sample in Tehran, Iran.

Case Presentation: We report a case of severe pulmonary disease in a 19-year-old male patient with productive cough, shortness of breath, and low-grade fever for several weeks.

Analysis of the A549 cell line affected by anticancer bioactive compounds of Actinomycetes isolated from saline soils.

Actinomycetes are filamentous bacteria and the residents of the soil, prone to produce bioactive metabolites. This research aimed to isolate, classify, and investigate the anticancer properties of Actinomycetes secondary metabolites from various saline soils of Qom province. Actinomycetes isolates were molecularly recognized by 16SrRNA gene sequencing after the PCR procedure.

Enhanced synergistic antitumor effect of a DNA vaccine with anticancer cytokine, MDA-7/IL-24, and immune checkpoint blockade.

Background: MDA-7/IL-24 cytokine has shown potent antitumor properties in various types of cancer without exerting any significant toxicity on healthy cells. It has also been proved to encompass pro-immune Th1 cytokine-like behavior. Several E7 DNA vaccines have developed against human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cervical cancer.

Bacterial DNA Detection in the Blood of Healthy Subjects.

Background: The presence of microbiome in the blood samples of healthy individuals has been addressed. However, no information can be found on the healthy human blood microbiome of Iranian subjects. The current study is thus aimed to investigate the existence of bacteria or bacterial DNA in healthy individuals.

Isolating and sequencing vB_Kpn_3, a lytic bacteriophage against multidrug-resistant .

Phage therapy, as an effective and specific method in the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections, has attracted the attention of many researchers. In this study, a double-stranded DNA phage with the ability of lysing some strains of MDR  (vB_Kpn_3) was isolated from hospitals' wastewater and then characterized morphologically and genetically. Transmission electron microscopy and genetic analyses have revealed that vB_Kpn_3 is a member of Siphoviridae family.

Novel insertion mutation in the PLA2G6 gene in an Iranian family with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.

Background: Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is an autosomal recessive neurological disorder. Individuals with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy experience progressive loss of vision, mental skills and muscular control, and other variable clinical signs. Pathogenic variants in the PLA2G6 gene, encoding phospholipase A2, are recognized to be the fundamental reason for infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.

vB-Ea-5: a lytic bacteriophage against multi-drug-resistant .

Background And Objectives: Multi-drug-resistant is associated with various infectious diseases that cannot be easily treated by antibiotics. However, bacteriophages have potential therapeutic applications in the control of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. In this study, we aimed to isolate and characterize of a lytic bacteriophage that can lyse specifically the multi-drug-resistant (MDR)

Materials And Methods: Lytic bacteriophage was isolated from Qaem hospital wastewater and characterized morphologically and genetically.

Desertifilum sp. EAZ03 cell extract as a novel natural source for the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and antibacterial, anticancer and antibiofilm characteristics of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Aims: The use of cyanobacterial cell extracts for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) seems to be superior to other methods of synthesis because of its a green, environmentally friendly and low-cost approach. In this study, the cell extract of a newly characterized cyanobacterial strain Desertifilum sp. EAZ03 was used for the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs.

Protective cellular and mucosal immune responses following nasal administration of a whole gamma-irradiated influenza A (subtype H1N1) vaccine adjuvanted with interleukin-28B in a mouse model.

The use of gamma-irradiated influenza A virus (γ-Flu), retains most of the viral structural antigens, represent a promising option for vaccine development. However, despite the high effectiveness of γ-Flu vaccines, the need to incorporate an adjuvant to improve vaccine-mediated protection seems inevitable. Here, we examined the protective efficacy of an intranasal gamma-irradiated HIN1 vaccine co-administered with a plasmid encoding mouse interleukin-28B (mIL-28B) as a novel adjuvant in BALB/c mice.

The Prevalence of in ML-Resistant Isolates to Clarithromycin in Patients with Respiratory Infections.

Background: is one of the widespread causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Over recent years, the widespread use of macrolides has led to the emergence of macrolide-resistant (MRMP) resulted from mutations at specific positions of domain V of the gene.

Methods: We collected 100 samples of throat swabs from patients with respiratory infections.

Swimming Exercise Training Attenuates the Lung Inflammatory Response and Injury Induced by Exposing to Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke.

Background: The use of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is on the rise throughout the world, especially among young people and even athletes. There is a belief among consumers that exercise prevents the harmful effects of hookah smoke on the body. We examined this belief by evaluation of lung injury following to concurrent WTS and swimming endurance training in male Wistar rats.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns and Prevalence of Streptococcus Agalactiae Rectovaginal Colonization Among Pregnant Women in Iran.

Objective:   is an important pathogen in neonates and pregnant women. Neonatal invasive infections due to are life-threatening and preventive strategies for this challenge of human have become a concern. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of rectovaginal colonization, related risk factors and antibiotic resistance pattern of among pregnant women in Iran.