Background: The cholinergic hypothesis posits a robust correlation between the onset of Alzheimer's disease and a pronounced deficit in acetylcholine, a pivotal neurotransmitter crucial for the central cholinergic nervous system's function, pivotal for memory and learning. Diterpene alkaloids exhibit intricate and distinctive chemical structures that facilitate their passage through the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, their potent pharmacological attributes render them promising candidates for addressing central nervous system disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Purpose: One strategy to overcome methotrexate (MTX) resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is suppressing expression. It has been proved polysaccharides (APS) exert their anticancer effect by reversing drug resistance. Due to the structural similarity of tragacanthin and bassorin with APS, we aimed to investigate the effects of the aforementioned polysaccharides on the expression of the gene in the MTX-treated CCRF-CEM cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study provides a narrative review of diterpenoid alkaloids (DAs), a family of extremely important natural products found predominantly in some species of and (Ranunculaceae). DAs have long been a focus of research attention due to their numerous intricate structures and diverse biological activities, especially in the central nervous system (CNS). These alkaloids originate through the amination reaction of tetra or pentacyclic diterpenoids, which are classified into three categories and 46 types based on the number of carbon atoms in the backbone structure and structural differences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIsolated diterpenes from various species of are important compounds for drug discovery with a broad spectrum of structures and biological effects. In this study, , one of the endemic species of Iran, was analyzed in terms of the presence and structural determination of diterpenoid compounds. They were extracted with dichloromethane/acetone (2:1) from aerial parts of this plant and purified by chromatographic methods such as MPLC and HPLC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA large amount of lignocellulosic waste is generated every day in the world, and their accumulation in the agroecosystems, integration in soil compositions, or incineration for energy production has severe environmental pollution effects. Using enzymes as biocatalysts for the biodegradation of lignocellulosic materials, especially in harsh processing conditions, is a practical step towards green energy and environmental biosafety. Hence, the current study focuses on enzyme computationally screened from camel rumen metagenomics data as specialized microbiota that have the capacity to degrade lignocellulosic-rich and recalcitrant materials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSome enzymes can catalyze more than one chemical conversion for which they are physiologically specialized. This secondary function, which is called underground, promiscuous, metabolism, or cross activity, is recognized as a valuable feature and has received much attention for developing new catalytic functions in industrial applications. In this study, a novel bifunctional xylanase/β-glucosidase metagenomic-derived enzyme, PersiBGLXyn1, with underground β-glucosidase activity was mined by in-silico screening.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe attraction to the genus, with its remarkable diversity in species, is due to its variety of chemical compositions. is one of the species of the spurge family growing wildly in Iran. This research aims to investigate the presence of secondary metabolites, specially terpenoid compounds, in terms of structural determination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Anbarnesa is the female donkey dung typically collected after the labor and in early springtime.
Materials And Methods: The chemical composition of the smoke collected from Anbarnesa was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and its antiviral activity was analyzed based on 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
Results: As a result, twenty-two constituents representing 97.
is used in traditional medicine to remove warts, possibly due to its cytotoxic or antiviral effects. This study investigated its phytochemistry and bioactive compounds. from the family was collected from Kuhdasht, Lorestan, Iran.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Artemisia kopetdaghensis resulted in the isolation and characterization of three undescribed eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactones, persianolide A, 4-epi-persianolide A, and 3α,4-epoxypersianolide A, together with three previously described eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactones, 11-epi-artapshin, 1β,8α-dihydroxy-11α,13-dihydrobalchanin, and 1β-hydroxy-11-epi-colartin. The abundantly obtained 11-epi-artapshin was oxidized to undescribed 11α,13-dihydroeudesma-12,6α-olide-1,8-dione and 8β-hydroxy-11α,13-dihydroeudesma-12,6α-olide-1-one and acetylated to the undescribed 1,8-O-diacetyl-11α,13-dihydroeudesma-12,6α-olide. Structures were elucidated based on extensive spectral data analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMany security-related scenarios including cryptography depend on the random generation of passwords, permutations, Latin squares, CAPTCHAs and other types of non-numerical entities. Random generation of each entity type is a different problem with different solutions. This study is an attempt at a unified solution for all of the mentioned problems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactones, 1β,3α,8α-trihydroxy-11β,13-dihydroeudesma-4(15)-en-12,6α-olide () and 1β,4α,8α-trihydroxy-11β,13-dihydroeudesma-12,6α-olide (), and an unprecedented elemane-type sesquiterpene lactone, 1β,2β,8α-trihydroxy-11β,13-dihydroelema-12,6α-olide () along with a known eudesmanolide artapshin () were isolated from Structures were elucidated by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and ECD spectral data analysis. The anti-protozoal activity was evaluated against promastigotes and amastigote-infected macrophages. They showed dose- and time-dependent activity against amastigotes with IC values in the range of 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF"Hemp" refers to non-intoxicating, low delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) cultivars of L. "Marijuana" refers to cultivars with high levels of Δ9-THC, the primary psychoactive cannabinoid found in the plant and a federally controlled substance used for both recreational and therapeutic purposes. Although marijuana and hemp belong to the same genus and species, they differ in terms of chemical and genetic composition, production practices, product uses, and regulatory status.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAfter being introduced by Shannon as a measure of disorder and unavailable information, the notion of entropy has found its applications in a broad range of scientific disciplines. In this paper, we present a systematic review on the applications of entropy and related information-theoretical concepts in the design, implementation and evaluation of cryptographic schemes, algorithms, devices and systems. Moreover, we study existing trends, and establish a roadmap for future research in these areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhytochemical analysis of Euphorbia gedrosiaca Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe idea behind network caching is to reduce network traffic during peak hours via transmitting frequently-requested content items to end users during off-peak hours. However, due to limited cache sizes and unpredictable access patterns, this might not totally eliminate the need for data transmission during peak hours. Coded caching was introduced to further reduce the peak hour traffic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Several species of have shown anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was aimed to evaluate anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of bark and essential oil of leaves of in animal models.
Materials And Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract of bark and essential oil of leaves of were prepared and phenolic content and essential oil composition were analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu method and GC/MS, respectively.
Background: Zinc (Zn) is nutritionally essential trace element, and thus deficiency may severely affect human health. The results of cross-sectional studies indicate that micronutrient deficiencies are common in patients with tuberculosis. Our goal is to investigate whether Zn supplementation can increase the effects of anti-TB treatment or not.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFα-Amylases are among the very critical enzymes used for different industrial purposes. Most α-amylases cannot accomplish the requirement of industrial conditions and easily lose their activity in harsh environments. In this study, a novel α-amylase named PersiAmy1 has been identified through the multistage screening pipeline from the rumen metagenomic data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The extract of bark contains many polyphenolic compounds that were studied due to their high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-mutagenic effects. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to conduct phytochemical standardization and develop hard gelatin capsules from the extract of bark.
Materials And Methods: Extraction was carried out by maceration method at room temperature for 72 hr using ethanol 70% followed by freeze drying.
Cisplatin is used for treating multiple types of cancers. Alongside its therapeutic effects, there are side effects, including cytotoxicity and genotoxicity for healthy cells, which are mainly related to radical oxygen species (ROS) production by the drug. These side effects could troublesome the treatment process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs the availability of high-throughput metagenomic data is increasing, agile and accurate tools are required to analyze and exploit this valuable and plentiful resource. Cellulose-degrading enzymes have various applications, and finding appropriate cellulases for different purposes is becoming increasingly challenging. An screening method for high-throughput data can be of great assistance when combined with the characterization of thermal and pH dependence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Cinnamic acids are a class of compounds based on phenyl propanoid backbone (C6-C3) isolated from plants and microorganisms, exhibiting interesting biological activities.
Objective: To characterise cinnamic acids through the phytochemical study of welsh onion, Allium fistulosum, and to evaluate their antibacterial and cytotoxic properties.
Material And Methods: The phytochemical study of A.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
March 2020
Objective: Peritoneal adhesions may develop after every abdominopelvic surgery. Many agents and technical modifications have been investigated to minimize adhesions. Punica granatum (pomegranate) flower has some anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects that would reduce the formation of peritoneal adhesions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe saponin composition of a specimen of black sea cucumber, collected in the Persian Gulf was studied by a combined approach including LC-MS/MS, Molecular Networking, pure compound isolation, and NMR spectroscopy. The saponin composition of turned out to be more complex than previously reported. The most abundant saponins in the extract (⁻) were isolated and characterized by 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments.
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