Avoidance of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, following fractures of the femoral neck, by early reduction and internal fixation.

Clinical, experimental and post-mortem studies suggest that avascular necrosis of the femoral head following fractures of the neck of the femur, is due to compression, torsion, stretching or rupture of the blood vessels by displacement of the fragments. If this is true then urgent reduction and internal fixation are important in the prevention of this complication. This study shows that those cases which were submitted to early reduction and internal fixation had a reduced incidence in severity of avascular necrosis compared with those in whom operation was delayed.

[The place of palliative operations in treatment of complaints caused by scaphoid pseudoarthrosis (author's transl)].

The application of palliative operations intending the termination or the reduction of complaints caused by scaphoid pseudarthrosis have been reviewed in details on the basis of literature and according to own experiences. The indications of styloidectomy and the indications of the removal of the proximal end, as well as the extent of styloidectomy have been exactly defined. Styloidectomy as supplemental surgical intervention is not more applied.

[Carpal bone substitution with silicone prosthesis (author's transl)].

The authors reviewed the development of the carpal bone prosthesis implantations. The advantage of the silicone prostheses type Swanson was described opposed to the metal and acrylic prostheses. Silicone rubber prostheses replacing carpal bones were implanted in 56 cases (30 lunatum, 22 scaphoid, 4 trapezium) with success.

[Recent data in the diagnosis of scaphoid non-union (author's transl)].

An analysis of the problems of the scaphoid non-union diagnostics is given here, based on their experiences with more than 400 operations. Bennet's x-rays are always mandatory, and if problems arise, microfocal x-rays and tomography should be done. They draw the attention to certain x-rays signs described by them.

[Treatment of scaphoid non-union with screw fixation (author's transl)].

The place of screw fixation in the management of scaphoid non-union is defined here. The authors emphasize, that there are definite indications for internal fixation with screw and this procedure is restricted to certain conditions. This conclusion is bases upon own experience and the literature too.

The diagnostic role of the intraosseous phlebography in the affections of the hip in childhood.

The authors have applied intraosseous phlebography 38 times in 33 children, in order to assess the extent of damage to the femoral head circulation in fractures of the femoral neck and other disorders. Contrast medium was injected mostly into the epiphysis, but eventually into the metaphysis too. Results of these examinations have been important guidelines in the management of the disease, i.

[Experiences with carpal arthrodesis (author's transl)].

Report is given on good results of 41 carpal arthrodesis with AO-plate. Literature is briefly surveyed, indications for arthrodesis and detailed technical description are given too. The importance of compression and stability has been stressed here.

[Operative treatment of lunate malatia (author's transl)].

Authors give a review on the most up-to-date explanation for the aetiology of the lunate malatia and the characteristic features of the different stages of this disease. A report is given on the result of operative treatment in 60 cases of lunate malatia. In the non-arthritic stage the Graner-procedure or silivon prosthetic implant, in grave painful carpal arthritis a complete arthrodesis with AO-plate are recommended.

[Operative treatment of non-recent and old perilunate dislocations (author's transl)].

Experiences of the authors with the open reduction of 65 nonrecent and old perilunate dislocations are reported here. They analyse the diagnostic failures at these injuries and focus the attention to the correct assessment of the clinical and radiological signs. A survey of the literature on the possibilities of the operative treatment is given.

[Treatment of pseudoarthrosis of the scaphoid bone by bone transplantation (modified Matti-Russe operation)].

Author reviews possibilities in the treatment of nonunited scaphoid fractures. Different techniques with cancellous bone grafting are described and his own function-stable grafting osteosynthesis presented. Indications for his operation are well delineated and with regards to good results their accurate application is emphasized.

[Possibilities of treatment of open fractures of the tibia].

Results of healing in 477 cases of open leg fractures treated in the Central Institut of Traumatology in Budapest are analysed in the article. 47,2% of cases were treated by closed methods. The authors are convinced that careful conservative management leads to good results, if the type of the fracture is suitable.

[Diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infections following hip injuries].

The authors studied the diagnosis and treatment of posttraumatic infections of the hip joint, based on their own material. In case of latent infection the increased sedimentation rate and taking of comparative X-ray films are held important, that shows a narrowing and disappearance of the sclerosed edge of the acetabulum. Following dislocation of the hip joint ankylosis may be attained, but after fractures of the proximal and of the femur the infection cannot be cured, unless the nail and the head of the femur are removed.