Trends in avoidable mortality from cardiovascular diseases in the European Union, 1995-2020: a retrospective secondary data analysis.

Background: Certain causes of death can be avoided with access to timely prevention and treatment. We quantified trends in avoidable deaths from cardiovascular diseases for European Union (EU) countries from 1995 to 2020 and examined variations by demographics, disease characteristics, and geography.

Methods: Retrospective secondary data analysis of avoidable cardiovascular mortality using the WHO Mortality Database.

Haplotype-based inference of recent effective population size in modern and ancient DNA samples.

Individuals sharing recent ancestors are likely to co-inherit large identical-by-descent (IBD) genomic regions. The distribution of these IBD segments in a population may be used to reconstruct past demographic events such as effective population size variation, but accurate IBD detection is difficult in ancient DNA data and in underrepresented populations with limited reference data. In this work, we introduce an accurate method for inferring effective population size variation during the past ~2000 years in both modern and ancient DNA data, called HapNe.

Inference of Coalescence Times and Variant Ages Using Convolutional Neural Networks.

Accurate inference of the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) between pairs of individuals and of the age of genomic variants is key in several population genetic analyses. We developed a likelihood-free approach, called CoalNN, which uses a convolutional neural network to predict pairwise TMRCAs and allele ages from sequencing or SNP array data. CoalNN is trained through simulation and can be adapted to varying parameters, such as demographic history, using transfer learning.