Oral bisphosphonates: Adverse effects on the oral mucosa not related to the jaw bones. A scoping review.

Background: Oral bisphosphonates are widely used in the treatment of bone resorptive diseases. There is an evidence that oral bisphosphonates can exert adverse effects on the oral mucosa independently of their effects on the jaw bones.

Objective: To systematically map the literature on adverse effects of oral bisphosphonates on the oral mucosa of adults with bone resorptive diseases.

Effect of needle insertion depth and root canal curvature on irrigant extrusion ex vivo.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of needle type and insertion depth, apical preparation size, and root canal curvature on irrigant extrusion by using a recently introduced method.

Methods: Sixteen human teeth with a straight root canal (group A) and 16 with a moderately curved root canal (group B) were sequentially prepared to sizes 25 or 35, .06 taper and mounted on a plastic vial filled with distilled water to simulate a periapical lesion.