Familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer: a case series in Iranian patients with a meta-review of case series.

Background: Nonmedullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) comprises approximately 90% of all thyroid cancers, and about 3% to 9% of NMTC cases have a familial origin. Familial NMTC (FNMTC) in the absence of a documented familial cancer syndrome such as Cowden syndrome is characterized by the occurrence of thyroid cancer of follicular cell origin in 2 or more first-degree relatives.

Methods: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to identify pathogenic genetic variants in 2 Persian families with FNMTC.