Cervical cancer and HPV vaccines in developing countries.

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the world. Despite a decline of up to 70% in its incidence and prevalence through screening programs, it is still the most common gynecological cancer worldwide. Since the human papilloma virus (HPV) was conclusively identified as the etiological factor inducing cervical cancer, investigations during the last two decades have been concentrating on producing a vaccine against HPV virus.

Exocytosis of norepinephrine at axon varicosities and neuronal cell bodies in the rat brain.

Norepinephrine secretion from central neurons was widely assumed to occur by exocytosis, but the essential characteristics of this process remained unknown. We developed an approach to study it directly by amperometry using carbon fiber microelectrodes in organotypic rat brainstem slice cultures. Noradrenergic neurons from areas A1 and A2 were fluorescently labeled by an adenoviral vector with noradrenergic-specific promoter.

Silent substitution S-cone electroretinogram in subjects with diabetes mellitus.

A defect in the blue sensitive mechanism has been reported in certain ocular and systemic diseases. For example, tritanopic colour vision defects and changes to the S-cone electroretinogram (ERG) have been demonstrated in glaucoma and diabetes mellitus. Electrophysiological methods of eliciting the S-cone ERG, however, often result in considerable L- and M-cone intrusion.

The S-cone electroretinogram: a comparison of techniques, normative data and age-related variation.

The blue sensitive mechanism in human colour vision is highly susceptible to damage in ocular disease. There is a need for objective methods to assess this and several methods of recording the blue cone (S-cone) electroretinogram (ERG) have been described. We therefore compared a silent substitution technique (SST) and a selective adaptation technique (SAT) using a novel combination of optical filters, on 24 normal subjects.

Ocular optics, electroretinography and primary open angle glaucoma.

Advancing the knowledge of ocular image quality is important in the development of new tests for the earlier detection of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Loss of blue sensitivity is an important feature of POAG; however, it is difficult to separate this loss from the effects of wavelength related intraocular light scatter and media absorption. A technique for recording the S-cone electroretinogram is described which may solve these problems.