Intermittent vs. continuous swimming training on adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines in metabolic syndrome experimental model.

Objectives: In this study, metabolic syndrome-affected rats were studied to examine how intermittent and continuous swimming training influenced adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomized in this experimental study into four groups (n=8), including normal control (NC), metabolic syndrome (MS), continuous swimming training with metabolic syndrome (CT-MS: load 0-3% body mass, 5 d/wk, for 8 weeks), and intermittent swimming training with metabolic syndrome (IT-MS: load 5-16% body mass, 5 d/wk, for 8 weeks). The serum levels of metrnl, adipolin, irisin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured using the ELISA test.