The Metabolic Syndrome: Emerging Novel Insights Regarding the Relationship between the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance and other Key Predictive Markers in Young Adults of Western Algeria.

Several biological markers have been identified as risk factors for cardiovascular disease and are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study provides a factual information on promising biomarkers that are associated with MetS and can aid in early detection and management of MetS in young adults of Western Algeria. We studied a total of one hundred subjects aged between thirty and forty years with MetS, in which anthropometric measurements, insulin resistance, C peptide and HbA1c, lipid profile, circulating adipokines and glucagon-like peptide-1 were measured by suitable methods, in comparison to two groups of control.

Relationship between the insulin resistance and circulating predictive biochemical markers in metabolic syndrome among young adults in western Algeria.

Aim: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) becomes increasingly obvious from an early age. The current study aimed at exploring the relationship between insulin resistance and the main biomarkers of MetS in young adult algerian patients.

Methods: Glucose, HbA1C, total cholesterol (TC), hjgh bensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulinemia and C-peptide, adipokins (leptin, adiponectin), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-a), us-CRP and GLP-1 were measured by suitable methods.

Antioxidant properties of the red alga collected on the North West Algerian coast.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the total phenolic and lipid content, fatty acids profiles and antioxidant activities of aqueous and solvent extracts of the red seaweed , through six different investigations. The present study demonstrated that phenol contents (mg gallic acid/g dry weight) were highest in the aqueous and methanolic extracts, followed by the ethanolic, hydroethanolic and hydromethanolic extracts. The lowest phenol contents were identified in the three remaining extracts: Butanolic, petroleum ether and acetone extracts.

Interdependency of selected metabolic variables in an animal model of metabolic syndrome.

In the present study, the correlation between the percentage of glycated hemoglobin, taken as representative of changes in glucose homeostasis, and selected variables was investigated. Rats were treated for 8 weeks with diets containing 64% starch and 5% sunflower oil or containing 64% D-fructose mixed with: 5% sunflower oil; 3.4% sunflower oil and 1.

The metabolic syndrome of fructose-fed rats: effects of long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 and ω6 fatty acids. VII. Oxidative stress.

In the present study, the plasma concentration, and liver, heart, kidney, soleus muscle and visceral adipose tissue content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substrates (TBARS), carbonyl radicals, hydroperoxides and nitric oxide were measured in control rats exposed for 8 weeks to a diet containing 64% (w/w) starch and 5% sunflower oil and in animals fed a diet containing 64% D-fructose and 5% sunflower oil or 3.4% sunflower oil mixed with 1.6% safflower or salmon oil.

The metabolic syndrome of fructose-fed rats: effects of long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 and ω6 fatty acids. VI. Further post-mortem investigations.

The present study documents the increases in systolic arterial blood pressure, plasma leptin concentration and kidney proliferating cell nuclear antigen index, as well as the decreases in glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymatic activities in the liver, heart, kidney, soleus muscle and visceral adipose tissue homogenates of female rats exposed for 8 weeks to a diet containing 64% (w/w) D-fructose instead of 64% starch. In the fructose-fed rats, the partial substitution of sunflower oil by either safflower oil or salmon oil often opposed the fructose-induced changes in these variables. The present results, thus, extend to these functional, hormonal and enzymatic parameters the knowledge that the dietary supply of long-chain polyunsaturated ω6 fatty acids, mainly C18:2ω6, and long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 fatty acids opposes the undesirable features of the fructose-induced metabolic syndrome, with salmon oil demonstrating particular efficacy.

The metabolic syndrome of fructose-fed rats: effects of long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 and ω6 fatty acids. V. Post-mortem findings.

The present study deals with the possible effects of dietary ω3 and ω6 fatty acids upon the metabolic syndrome found in rats exposed for 8 weeks to a diet containing 64% (w/w) D-fructose instead of starch. Fructose-fed rats were found to display a modest increase in plasma albumin and protein concentration and more pronounced increases in plasma urea, creatinine, phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations, glycated hemoglobin concentration and liver contents of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. The plasma concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, calcium and iron were decreased, however, in the fructose-fed rats.

The metabolic syndrome of fructose-fed rats: effects of long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 and ω6 fatty acids. IV. D-glucose metabolism by isolated pancreatic islets.

The major aim of the present study was to search for changes of D-glucose metabolism in isolated pancreatic islets possibly involved in the alteration of their secretory response to the hexose, as observed when comparing rats exposed for 8 weeks to diets containing either starch and sunflower oil or fructose and sunflower oil, as well as rats exposed to diets containing fructose, sunflower oil and either salmon oil or safflower oil. The substitution of starch by fructose in the diet affected unfavourably D-glucose phosphorylation by the isolated islets. In the fructose-fed rats, there was a close parallelism between D-[5-³H]glucose utilization and the dietary ω3/ω6 fatty acid ratio.

The metabolic syndrome of fructose-fed rats: effects of long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 and ω6 fatty acids. III. Secretory behaviour of isolated pancreatic islets.

In the present study, rats were exposed from the 8th week after birth and for the ensuing 8 weeks to diets containing either starch or fructose (64% w/w) and sunflower oil (5%). Two further groups of rats were exposed to the fructose-containing diet with substitution of part (1.6%) of the sunflower diet by an equal amount of either salmon oil rich in long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 fatty acids or safflower oil reach in long-chain polyunsaturated ω6 fatty acids.

The metabolic syndrome of fructose-fed rats: effects of long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 and ω6 fatty acids. II. Time course of changes in food intake, body weight, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and insulin resistance.

The time course for changes in food intake, body weight, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA index was monitored over a period of 8 weeks in rats exposed from the 8th week after birth to diets containing either starch or fructose and sunflower oil. In two further groups of rats exposed to the fructose-rich diet part of the sunflower oil was substituted by either salmon oil rich in long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 fatty acids or safflower oil rich in long-chain polyunsaturated ω6 fatty acids. Despite lower food intake, the gain in body weight was higher in fructose-fed rats than in starch-fed rats.

The metabolic syndrome of fructose-fed rats: effects of long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 and ω6 fatty acids. I. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test.

The present series of experiments aim mainly at investigating the possible influence of changes in the com-position of dietary lipids (sunflower oil, salmon oil, safflower oil) upon the metabolic syndrome found in rats exposed to a fructose-rich diet. For purpose of comparison, a control group of rats received the sunflower oil diet with substitution of fructose by starch. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, performed after overnight starvation fifty days after the start of the experiments at the 6th week after birth, indicated, as expected, impaired tolerance to glucose and deterioration of insulin sensitivity (HOMA index), without changes in the insulinogenic index, when comparing the fructose-fed rats to the starch-fed rats both exposed to the sunflower oil diet.