A Testis-Specific (Double Sex and Mab-3-Related Transcription Factor 1) Plays a Role in Spermatogenesis and Gonadal Development in the Hermaphrodite Boring Giant Clam .

The testis-specific double sex and mab-3-related transcription factor 1 () has long been recognized as a crucial player in sex determination across vertebrates, and its essential role in gonadal development and the regulation of spermatogenesis is well established. Here, we report the cloning of the key spermatogenesis-related cDNA, named , from the gonads of (), with a molecular weight of 41.93 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.

Identification and involvement of DAX1 gene in spermatogenesis of boring giant clam Tridacna crocea.

DAX1 (dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia congenital critical region on X chromosome gene 1), a key sex determinant in various species, plays a vital role in gonad differentiation and development and controls spermatogenesis. However, the identity and function of DAX1 are still unclear in bivalves. In the present study, we identified a DAX1 (designed as Tc-DAX1) gene from the boring giant clam Tridacna crocea, a tropical marine bivalve.

Chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation of rare and endangered tropical bivalve, Tridacna crocea.

Tridacna crocea is an ecologically important marine bivalve inhabiting tropical coral reef waters. High quality and available genomic resources will help us understand the population structure and genetic diversity of giant clams. This study reports a high-quality chromosome-scale T.

Guillain-Barre syndrome: An autoimmune disorder post-COVID-19 vaccination?

SARS-CoV-2 causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious condition that can present none or one or more of these symptoms: fever, cough, headache, sore throat, loss of taste and smell, aches, fatigue and musculoskeletal pain. For the prevention of COVID-19, there are vaccines available including those developed by Pfizer, Moderna, Sinovac, Janssen, and AstraZeneca. Recent evidence has shown that some COVID-19-vaccinated individuals can occasionally develop as a potential side effect Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), a severe neurological autoimmune condition in which the immune response against the peripheral nerve system (PNS) can result in significant morbidity.

Tetraploid induction of and by inhibiting the polar body 1 release in diploid fertilized eggs.

The production of an all-triploid population by mating tetraploid males with diploid females is the best and most fundamental method for the large-scale production of triploid oysters. Obtaining a stable tetraploid population is essential for guaranteed production in industrialized triploid cultivation. and are important oyster breeding species in southern China, and have great economic value.

Seasonal variations in biochemical composition and nutritional quality of Crassostrea hongkongensis, in relation to the gametogenic cycle.

Variations in the biochemical composition and nutritional quality with annual changes in gonad development were investigated to identify the optimal harvesting time of C. hongkongensis. The glycogen levels in the mantle, muscle, and gonad-visceral mass were significantly lower in June than in December, associated with changes in the expressions of ChGS and ChGP.

Dietary supplementations of methionine improve growth performances, innate immunity, digestive enzymes, and antioxidant activities of rohu (Labeo rohita).

The dietary composition of fish constitutes numerous immune and growth-promoting substance; during the current study, methionine was amended in the diet of Labeo rohita (L. rohita), in order to appraise the diverse modulatory effects of methionine supplementation. Fish were grouped into three on the basis of methionine as methionine supplemented group 1 (MSG1), methionine supplemented group 2 (MSG2), and CTRL (control group).

Assessment of cadmium toxicity and its possible effects on goldfish (Carassius auratus), employing microscopy and biochemical techniques.

The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the toxicity level of dietary and waterborne Cadmium (Cd) source on the Goldfish Carassius auratus (C. auratus) using various biochemical and microscopic shreds of evidence. C.

Autophagy Dually Induced by AMP Surplus and Oxidative Stress Enhances Hemocyte Survival and Bactericidal Capacity via AMPK Pathway in .

(Hong Kong oyster) is an ecologically and economically valuable shellfish endemic to South/Southeast Asia. Due to ocean acidification and warming waters, they have become increasingly vulnerable to invading microbes including , a significant foodborne human pathogen. In recent years, outbreaks of have emerged as a perennial phenomenon in parts of the world, necessitating to better understand the biology of host-pathogen interactions in this under-examined marine invertebrate.

Microscopic and molecular evidence in support of rodent as a reservoir for dissemination of Leishmaniasis.

Leishmaniasis is a worldwide public health problem and vector-borne disease. It is caused by a diverse group of protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania and transmitted to humans through a bite of an infected female sand fly. Leishmaniasis has attained epidemic proportion in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and raises serious concern over its management.

Characterization and functional analysis of a caspase 3 gene: Evidence that ChCas 3 participates in the regulation of apoptosis in Crassostrea hongkongensis.

Caspase 3 plays an important role in apoptotic pathways and contributes to maintaining the homeostasis of the immune system in organisms. The structure, functions, and characteristics of caspase 3 have been extensively investigated in many species, but the research is scarce when it comes to bivalves, particularly oysters. In this study, we identified and cloned a previously unknown caspase 3 gene, named ChCas 3, in C.

Evaluating the lucrative role of probiotics in the aquaculture using microscopic and biochemical techniques.

The present study focused to elucidate the promising role of probiotics in the fish culture, by employing microscopic and biochemical parameters to rationalize the possible outcomes. After preliminary feeding trial histopathological analysis revealed clear and visible changes in the intestinal and liver cells of CTRL (control group) compared to probiotics supplemented group, the bacterial inoculations resulted in shorten and swelled villi, while liver kupffer cells increased many folds in the CTRL. Moreover, there was clear hypertrophy and lamellar fusion in the gills tissues examined under microscope.

Molecular characteristics of AMPK and its role in regulating the phagocytosis of oyster hemocytes.

Phagocytosis is one of the fundamental cellular immune defense parameter that helps in the elimination of the invading pathogens in both vertebrates and invertebrates, which require plenty of energy for functioning. In the present study, we identified the critical energy regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in Crassostrea hongkongensis which is composed of three subunits, named ChAMPK-α, ChAMPK-β, and ChAMPK-γ, and then analyzed the function of AMPK in regulating hemocyte phagocytosis. All the three ChAMPK subunits mRNA were detected to be expressed at various embryological stages, and also constitutively expressed in multiple tissues with high expression in gill and mantle.