Development of a Novel Evidence-Based Practice-Specific Competency for Doctor of Physical Therapy Students in Clinical Education: A Modified Delphi Approach.

Introduction: Evidence-based practice (EBP) results in high-quality care and decreases unwarranted variation in practice.

Review Of The Literature: Few performance criteria related to EBP are included in physical therapy clinical education (CE) performance measures, despite EBP requirements in Doctor of Physical Therapy education. The purpose of this study was to develop EBP-specific competencies that may be used for Doctor of Physical Therapy students for use throughout CE.

Body Mass Index and Thoracic Expansion in Post-COVID Dyspnea: A Secondary Analysis.

Dyspnea secondary to lung impairment can persist following the acute phase of COVID-19. Thoracic expansion measurements have been used as a diagnostic tool to evaluate chest wall mobility, respiratory function, and the effects of respiratory muscle strength training. Changes in chest wall mobility may occur because of altered chest biomechanics in individuals with respiratory diseases and an elevated body mass index (BMI).

Perspectives of practicing school psychologists during COVID-19: A multi-country, mixed methods investigation.

COVID-19 presented a range of challenges to the delivery of school psychology services in countries around the world. The current study aimed to investigate the practices of school psychologists from the United States of America, Australia, Germany, Canada, and the United Kingdom, including changes to practice and exploration of the factors that supported the delivery of school psychology services during the pandemic. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 1,030 school psychologists and analyzed using a mixed methods, multiple case study design.

Validation of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire among parents of 5- to 7-year-old children in Sweden.

Introduction: Parents' behaviours towards food and mealtimes, also known as parental feeding practices, are important in the development of children's eating habits. The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) was designed to measure parental feeding practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the CFPQ in Sweden and to assess how it performs across different groups of people.

The Experiences of Australian School Mental Health Professionals during COVID-19 Lockdowns.

Young people have emerged as one of the most impacted groups from the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions to daily activities, with disruptions to schooling, social interactions, and connections. Simultaneously, students' access to school mental health professionals were restricted or modified. The aim of this paper was to identify how school mental health professionals supported and addressed the mental health needs of young people during COVID-19 restrictions in Australia.

Genomics of perivascular space burden unravels early mechanisms of cerebral small vessel disease.

Perivascular space (PVS) burden is an emerging, poorly understood, magnetic resonance imaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease, a leading cause of stroke and dementia. Genome-wide association studies in up to 40,095 participants (18 population-based cohorts, 66.3 ± 8.

COVID-19 and Australian school psychology: Qualitative perspectives for enhancing future practice.

The challenges and changes driven by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the education sector have been linked to high rates of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic symptoms in school-aged populations. Despite this, it is also acknowledged that children and young people can be resilient and adaptable, with the right support in place. In schools, psychologists play an important role in supporting students' learning, behavior, wellbeing, and mental health.

Integrated Child and Family Hub models for detecting and responding to family adversity: protocol for a mixed-methods evaluation in two sites.

Introduction: Integrated community healthcare Hubs may offer a 'one stop shop' for service users with complex health and social needs, and more efficiently use service resources. Various policy imperatives exist to implement Hub models of care, however, there is a dearth of research specifically evaluating Hubs targeted at families experiencing adversity. To contribute to building this evidence, we propose to co-design, test and evaluate integrated Hub models of care in two Australian community health services in low socioeconomic areas that serve families experiencing adversity: Wyndham Vale in Victoria and Marrickville in New South Wales.

The practices of psychologists working in schools during COVID-19: A multi-country investigation.

This exploratory study aimed to identify the ways psychologists working in schools supported students' mental health during school closures related to the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was developed to determine (a) how psychologists working in schools across the United States, Canada, Germany, and Australia supported students' mental health during COVID-19, (b) how their services changed during COVID-19, and (c) potential differences between countries concerning difficulties supporting students' mental health during this time. The survey was based on previous research and was subsequently piloted.

Hyperdense artery sign, symptomatic infarct swelling and effect of alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke.

Background: Alteplase improves functional outcomes of patients with acute ischaemic stroke, but its effects on symptomatic infarct swelling, an adverse complication of stroke and the influence of CT hyperdense artery sign (HAS) are unclear. This substudy of the Third International Stroke Trial aimed to investigate the association between HAS and symptomatic infarct swelling and effect of intravenous alteplase on this association.

Methods: We included stroke patients whose prerandomisation scan was non-contrast CT.

Association of common genetic variants with brain microbleeds: A genome-wide association study.

Objective: To identify common genetic variants associated with the presence of brain microbleeds (BMBs).

Methods: We performed genome-wide association studies in 11 population-based cohort studies and 3 case-control or case-only stroke cohorts. Genotypes were imputed to the Haplotype Reference Consortium or 1000 Genomes reference panel.

Common Genetic Variation Indicates Separate Causes for Periventricular and Deep White Matter Hyperintensities.

Background And Purpose: Periventricular white matter hyperintensities (WMH; PVWMH) and deep WMH (DWMH) are regional classifications of WMH and reflect proposed differences in cause. In the first study, to date, we undertook genome-wide association analyses of DWMH and PVWMH to show that these phenotypes have different genetic underpinnings.

Methods: Participants were aged 45 years and older, free of stroke and dementia.

Neurology-related protein biomarkers are associated with cognitive ability and brain volume in older age.

Identifying biological correlates of late life cognitive function is important if we are to ascertain biomarkers for, and develop treatments to help reduce, age-related cognitive decline. Here, we investigated the associations between plasma levels of 90 neurology-related proteins (Olink® Proteomics) and general fluid cognitive ability in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936, N = 798), Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 (LBC1921, N = 165), and the INTERVAL BioResource (N = 4451). In the LBC1936, 22 of the proteins were significantly associated with general fluid cognitive ability (β between -0.

Computational quantification of brain perivascular space morphologies: Associations with vascular risk factors and white matter hyperintensities. A study in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.

Background And Purpose: Perivascular Spaces (PVS), also known as Virchow-Robin spaces, seen on structural brain MRI, are important fluid drainage conduits and are associated with small vessel disease (SVD). Computational quantification of visible PVS may enable efficient analyses in large datasets and increase sensitivity to detect associations with brain disorders. We assessed the associations of computationally-derived PVS parameters with vascular factors and white matter hyperintensities (WMH), a marker of SVD.

Correction: Withdrawal from escalated cocaine self-administration impairs reversal learning by disrupting the effects of negative feedback on reward exploitation: a behavioral and computational analysis.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Reaction time variability and brain white matter integrity.

Objective: Mean speed of responding is the most commonly used measure in the assessment of reaction time (RT). An alternative measure is intraindividual variability (IIV): the inconsistency of responding across multiple trials of a test. IIV has been suggested as an important indicator of central nervous system functioning, and as such, there has been increasing interest in the associations between IIV and brain imaging metrics.

Withdrawal from escalated cocaine self-administration impairs reversal learning by disrupting the effects of negative feedback on reward exploitation: a behavioral and computational analysis.

Addiction is regarded as a disorder of inflexible choice with behavior dominated by immediate positive rewards over longer-term negative outcomes. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying the effects of self-administered drugs on behavioral flexibility are not well understood. To investigate whether drug exposure causes asymmetric effects on positive and negative outcomes we used a reversal learning procedure to assess how reward contingencies are utilized to guide behavior in rats previously exposed to intravenous cocaine self-administration (SA).

Longitudinal serum S100β and brain aging in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.

Elevated serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of S100β, a protein predominantly found in glia, are associated with intracranial injury and neurodegeneration, although concentrations are also influenced by several other factors. The longitudinal association between serum S100β concentrations and brain health in nonpathological aging is unknown. In a large group (baseline N = 593; longitudinal N = 414) of community-dwelling older adults at ages 73 and 76 years, we examined cross-sectional and parallel longitudinal changes between serum S100β and brain MRI parameters: white matter hyperintensities, perivascular space visibility, white matter fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (MD), global atrophy, and gray matter volume.

The Application of Adaptive Behaviour Models: A Systematic Review.

Adaptive behaviour has been viewed broadly as an individual's ability to meet the standards of social responsibilities and independence; however, this definition has been a source of debate amongst researchers and clinicians. Based on the rich history and the importance of the construct of adaptive behaviour, the current study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of adaptive behaviour models to assessment tools, through a systematic review. A plethora of assessment measures for adaptive behaviour have been developed in order to adequately assess the construct; however, it appears that the only definition on which authors seem to agree is that adaptive behaviour is what adaptive behaviour scales measure.

Blood pressure variability and leukoaraiosis in acute ischemic stroke.

Higher blood pressure, blood pressure variability, and leukoaraiosis are risk factors for early adverse events and poor functional outcome after ischemic stroke, but prior studies differed on whether leukoaraiosis was associated with blood pressure variability, including in ischemic stroke. In the Third International Stroke Trial, blood pressure was measured in the acute phase of ischemic stroke immediately prior to randomization, and at 0.5, 1, and 24 h after randomization.

Metric to quantify white matter damage on brain magnetic resonance images.

Purpose: Quantitative assessment of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is challenging. It is important to harmonise results from different software tools considering not only the volume but also the signal intensity. Here we propose and evaluate a metric of white matter (WM) damage that addresses this need.

Impact of small vessel disease in the brain on gait and balance.

Gait and balance impairment is highly prevalent in older people. We aimed to assess whether and how single markers of small vessel disease (SVD) or a combination thereof explain gait and balance function in the elderly. We analysed 678 community-dwelling healthy subjects from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 at the age of 71-74 years who had undergone comprehensive risk factor assessment, gait and balance assessment as well as brain MRI.