Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) in Nepalese Cancer Patients Experiencing Pain.

Background: Adherence to pain medication is crucial for cancer patients, since non-adherence can lead to increased suffering, reduced quality of life and increased healthcare costs. Although the five-item Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) is a validated tool for assessing medication adherence, but it has not been translated and validated into the Nepalese language. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt and validate the MARS-5 in Nepalese language for Nepalese cancer patients who were experiencing pain.

Racial disparities in prostate cancer in the UK and the USA: similarities, differences and steps forwards.

In the USA, Black men are approximately twice as likely to be diagnosed with and to die of prostate cancer than white men. In the UK, despite Black men having vastly different ancestral contexts and health-care systems from Black men in the USA, the lifetime risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer is two-to-three times higher among Black British men than among white British men and Black British men are twice as likely to die of prostate cancer as white British men. Examination of racial disparities in prostate cancer in the USA and UK highlights systemic, socio-economic and sociocultural factors that might contribute to these differences.

Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the medication practical barriers to adherence questionnaire in patients with chronic diseases.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Medication Practical Barriers to Adherence Questionnaire (MPRAQ-TR).

Methods: This is a validation study conducted between August 2022 and March 2023 in the ambulatory services of a secondary care private hospital located in Istanbul, Türkiye, among patients (18 years of age and older) with chronic diseases. After the Turkish translation and cultural adaptation of the MPRAQ, and a pilot think-aloud study, the following psychometric properties were assessed: internal consistency by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, 2-week test-retest reliability, convergent validity by calculating Spearman's rank correlation between the MPRAQ-TR and the Turkish version of Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS), and predictive validity by evaluating the association between the MPRAQ-TR score and nonadherence to medications.

Health and illness beliefs in adults with tuberculosis infection during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.

Background: COVID-19 disrupted the TB prevention programme in the UK, especially for TB infection (TBI) care. We explore whether experience of the COVID-19 pandemic impacted on patients' perceptions of TBI and its treatment.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted as part of the Research to Improve Detection and Treatment of TBI (RID-TB) programme, exploring perceptual and practical barriers to TBI treatment.

Using the 5-Item Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) to Screen for Non-adherence to Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation After Bariatric Surgery.

Introduction: Poor adherence to recommended vitamin and mineral supplementation after bariatric surgery is common and challenging for healthcare professionals to identify. There are several questionnaires for self-reporting of adherence to chronic medication, but none has so far been evaluated for assessment of adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation after bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the 5-item Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) in measuring adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation post bariatric surgery (gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy).

UK clinicians' attitudes towards the application of molecular diagnostics to guide antibiotic use in ICU patients with pneumonias: a quantitative study.

Background: Molecular diagnostic tests may improve antibiotic prescribing by enabling earlier tailoring of antimicrobial therapy. However, clinicians' trust and acceptance of these tests will determine their application in practice.

Objectives: To examine ICU prescribers' views on the application of molecular diagnostics in patients with suspected hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP).

Acceptance and commitment therapy processes and their association with distress in cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Around 42% of individuals with cancer experience distress. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) can reduce distress, but effects are small, and mechanisms unclear. This review aimed to identify associations between ACT processes and distress in cancer.

Development of the HT&Me intervention to support women with breast cancer to adhere to adjuvant endocrine therapy and improve quality of life.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Approximately 80% of breast cancers are oestrogen receptor positive (ER+). Patients treated surgically are usually recommended adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) for 5-10 years.

Redefining Beauty: A Qualitative Study Exploring Adult Women's Motivations for Lip Filler Resulting in Anatomical Distortion.

Background: Lip filler enhancement has fast become one of the most popular minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Motivations for "overtreatment" with lip fillers are poorly understood.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore female motivations for and experiences of procedures that achieve an aesthetic of distorted lip anatomy.

Optimized immunosuppression to prevent graft failure in renal transplant recipients with HLA antibodies (OuTSMART): a randomised controlled trial.

Background: 3% of kidney transplant recipients return to dialysis annually upon allograft failure. Development of antibodies (Ab) against human leukocyte antigens (HLA) is a validated prognostic biomarker of allograft failure. We tested whether screening for HLA Ab, combined with an intervention to improve adherence and optimization of immunosuppression could prevent allograft failure.

Patients' Experience of Medication Brand Changes during Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer-An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Medication adherence to hormone therapy (HT) in breast cancer survivors is often suboptimal and is affected by a range of factors. Patients are usually prescribed different generic formulations of HT drugs and their impact on side effects and on adherence and persistence is poorly understood. This study aimed to explore women's lived experience of HT medication brand changes (generic substitution) and its impact on side effects, quality of life and medication-taking behaviors, as well as on adherence and persistence.

Medication nonadherence: health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions.

Nonadherence to medicines is a global problem compromising health and economic outcomes for individuals and society. This article outlines how adherence is defined and measured, and examines the impact, prevalence and determinants of nonadherence. It also discusses how a psychosocial perspective can inform the development of interventions to optimise adherence and presents a series of recommendations for future research to overcome common limitations associated with the medication nonadherence literature.

Adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among White British and ethnic minority breast cancer survivors in the United Kingdom.

Objective: Around half of women do not take adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) as prescribed. Research suggests that adherence rates vary across ethnic groups. This study compared AET adherences rates in White British women and women from minority ethnic groups in the United Kingdom.

An Evidence-Based Theory of Psychological Adjustment to Long-Term Physical Health Conditions: Applications in Clinical Practice.

Objective: Around 30% of people with long-term physical health conditions (LTCs) experience comorbid anxiety and depression. For many, comorbid distress is linked to difficulties adjusting to the challenges of the LTC. The aims of this article are to present a transdiagnostic theoretical model of adjustment to LTCs (TMA-LTC), demonstrate the application of this model in clinical practice, and highlight the distinguishing features of treating LTC-related distress compared with treating primary anxiety and/or depression.

Qualitative Analysis of Interviews and Focus Groups Exploring Factors Contributing to Adherence to GnRH Agonists in Men with Prostate Cancer.

Objectives: Side effects from the prolonged use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists may lead to nonadherence to the treatment in men with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). We investigated the reasons contributing to nonadherence to GnRH agonists through interviews with men with PCa and focus groups with their health care professionals.

Data Sources: The three stages of the study were validation of themes, interviews with men on GnRH agonists, and focus groups with oncology specialists and clinical nurse specialists.

Disparities in access to mobile devices and e-health literacy among breast cancer survivors.

Background: The number of e-health interventions developed for breast cancer survivors continues to increase. However, issues with engagement and retention are common. This study aimed to explore e-health literacy rates and access to smartphones and tablets in a large sample of breast cancer survivors.

Extending Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for 10 Years: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Women's Decision Making in an Online Breast Cancer Forum.

An additional 5 years of treatment with adjuvant hormonal therapy, to complete 10 years of medication, is recommended to reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Yet professionals and patients should balance this benefit against side effects and toxicities. Little is known about women's decision making regarding persistence with extended endocrine therapy.

Development of a self-management intervention to improve tamoxifen adherence in breast cancer survivors using an Intervention Mapping framework.

Objective: Up to 50% of women prescribed tamoxifen do not take it as prescribed for the full duration, which increases risk of recurrence and mortality. The current paper describes the development of a self-management intervention aiming to improve adherence in breast cancer survivors taking tamoxifen.

Methods: The intervention was developed following an Intervention Mapping approach.

Nonadherence to tamoxifen in breast cancer survivors: A 12 month longitudinal analysis.

Objective: Previous research has shown that up to 50% of breast cancer survivors prescribed tamoxifen do not take it as recommended, which is associated with increased risk of recurrence and mortality. Little research has attempted to identify modifiable psychosocial factors associated with tamoxifen nonadherence. This study aimed to examine how tamoxifen adherence rates change over a year and to identify modifiable predictors of nonadherence.

More than just side-effects: The role of clinical and psychosocial factors in non-adherence to tamoxifen.

Objectives: Tamoxifen non-adherence is apparent in up to half of breast cancer survivors and is associated with increased risk of recurrence and reduced quality of life. However, factors contributing to non-adherence in this population are currently poorly understood. This study explored the relationship between key components of the Common Sense Model of Illness Representations (CSM)/the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and intentional and unintentional non-adherence in a large sample of women prescribed tamoxifen following primary breast cancer.

Understanding tamoxifen adherence in women with breast cancer: A qualitative study.

Objective: Non-adherence to tamoxifen is common in breast cancer survivors and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to understand womens' experiences of taking tamoxifen and to identify factors which may be associated with non-adherence.

Design: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews.

Barriers and facilitators of adjuvant hormone therapy adherence and persistence in women with breast cancer: a systematic review.

Purpose: Nonadherence to hormone therapy in breast cancer survivors is common and associated with increased risk of mortality. Consistent predictors of nonadherence and nonpersistence are yet to be identified, and little research has examined psychosocial factors that may be amenable to change through intervention. This review aimed to identify predictors of nonadherence and nonpersistence to hormone therapy in breast cancer survivors in order to inform development of an intervention to increase adherence rates.

Measuring illness representations in breast cancer survivors (BCS) prescribed tamoxifen: Modification and validation of the Revised Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (IPQ-BCS).

Objective: The Revised Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (IPQ-R), widely used to assess illness perceptions, may fail to measure unique characteristics of different illnesses. This study modified and validated the IPQ-R for breast cancer survivors to provide detailed understanding of the specific illness perceptions held by these patients.

Design: Initial modifications were made following qualitative interviews and were revised in a think-aloud study.