Publications by authors named "Zoe Haley-Johnson"
Article Synopsis
- Microglia play a key role in how synapses adapt after different levels of central nervous system (CNS) injuries, but the exact processes behind this are not well understood.
- In cases of severe nerve injury, such as nerve transection, microglia can permanently remove important synapses, while milder injuries like nerve crush allow for synapse recovery.
- The study found that prolonged microglia activation leads to the expression of certain signals that affect synapse removal, indicating that the severity and type of injury influence how microglia interact with nerve circuits and affect motor function recovery.
Peripheral nerve injuries induce a pronounced immune reaction within the spinal cord, largely governed by microglia activation in both the dorsal and ventral horns. The mechanisms of activation and response of microglia are diverse depending on the location within the spinal cord, type, severity, and proximity of injury, as well as the age and species of the organism. Thanks to recent advancements in neuro-immune research techniques, such as single-cell transcriptomics, novel genetic mouse models, and live imaging, a vast amount of literature has come to light regarding the mechanisms of microglial activation and alluding to the function of microgliosis around injured motoneurons and sensory afferents.
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- HIV, HCV, and HBV are significant public health issues in Central Asia and the Caucasus, with increasing infection rates among high-risk groups like people who inject drugs (PWID), men who have sex with men (MSM), and others.
- A systematic review analyzed data from various studies and national reports, focusing on the prevalence of these viruses among targeted populations in countries like Kazakhstan, Georgia, and Uzbekistan.
- Results showed alarming prevalence rates; for example, HIV ranged from 0-30.1% in PWID, HCV peaked at 92.1% in Georgia, and HBV varied significantly, underscoring the urgent need for targeted health interventions.