Diagnostic assessment of traumatic brain injury by vacuum extraction in newborns: overview on forensic perspectives and proposal of operating procedures.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) during birth constitutes one of the most relevant causes of mortality and morbidity in newborns worldwide. Although improvements in obstetrical management and better indications for caesarean section have led to a consistent decrease in the incidence of perinatal mechanical injury, vacuum extraction is still associated with a high complications rate leading to several forensic issues in the evaluation of healthcare professional management.

Methods: Vacuum-associated lesions may be topographically distinguished as extracranial or intracranial injuries.

Compulsory Vaccination for Healthcare Workers in Italy for the Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) judgement no. 116(2021) of 8 April 2021 establishes the principle of mandatory vaccination, indicating the criteria that national legislation must comply with, following the principle of non-interference in the private life of the individual. Vaccination for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to be an essential requirement for providing healthcare assistance.

Defensive Medicine in the Management of Cesarean Delivery: A Survey among Italian Physicians.

Background And Objectives: This study aims to contribute to the definition of the defensive medicine phenomenon between obstetricians and gynecologists, as well as to possible effects on the frequency of deliveries performed by cesarean sections (CS).

Materials And Methods: a digital questionnaire was administered through a mail-list including 600 gynecological specialists (of these 168 doctors completed the test), both in public and private settings. It was made of twenty multiple choice questions, concerning their awareness about the practice of defensive medicine and the planning and execution of CS.

Evaluation of Physical Risk during Necropsy and Morgue Activities as Risk Management Strategy.

Physical risk assessments allow us to understand work-related critical issues, thus representing a useful tool in risk management strategies. In particular, our study focuses on the identification of already known and emerging physical risks related to necropsy and morgue activities, as well as crime scene investigations. The aim of our study is, therefore, to identify objective elements in order to quantify exposure to such risk factors among healthcare professionals and working personnel.

Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma: A Systematic Review.

Abusive head trauma (AHT) represents a commonly misdiagnosed condition. In fact, there is no pathognomonic sign that allows the diagnosis in children. Therefore, it is such an important medico-legal challenge to evaluate reliable diagnostic tools.

Massive β1-Adrenergic Receptor Reaction Explains Irreversible Acute Arrhythmia in a Fatal Case of Acute Pure Caffeine Intoxication.

Caffeine, a naturally occurring purine-based alkaloid, is the most consumed psychostimulant worldwide. Since caffeine pharmacokinetics shows extreme interindividual variability, it is not easy to establish its toxic dose. Only a few cases of death due to acute caffeine intoxication have been described so far, the majority of which attributable to massive assumption of caffeine-based medications.