Cancer chemotherapy in pregnancy and adverse pediatric outcomes: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Administration of chemotherapy during pregnancy is often delayed, while preterm delivery is common. If in utero exposure to chemotherapy is associated with adverse pediatric outcomes, it is unknown whether that relationship is directly attributable to the chemotherapy or is mediated by preterm birth.

Methods: Cases were identified from Canadian cancer registries and administrative data in Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario, 2003-2017, with follow-up until 2018.

Procedural abortion, provider-initiated preterm delivery and survival in pregnant people with cancer: A population-based cohort study.

Objective: To assess whether procedural-induced abortion or provider-initiated preterm delivery are associated with improved survival in pregnant people with cancer.

Design: Retrospective population-based cohort study.

Setting: Provinces of Alberta and Ontario, Canada, 2003-2016.

Exclusion of pregnant and lactating persons from breast cancer clinical trials: a review of active trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Introduction: Treatment of pregnancy-associated breast cancer is complex, as providers try to balance risks to the pregnant person and the developing fetus. Given increased case fatality and increasing incidence, there is a pressing need understand the efficacy and safety of different treatment regimens in this population; however, pregnant and lactating people have traditionally been excluded from participating in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Given recent efforts to expand the inclusion criteria for oncology RCTs, this study aimed to review the inclusion/exclusion criteria of current breast cancer RCTs to assess what proportion of trials permitted enrollment of pregnant and lactating persons.

Long-term Mortality in Individuals Diagnosed With Cancer During Pregnancy or Postpartum.

Importance: Outcomes among patients with pregnancy-associated cancers (diagnosed during pregnancy or 1-year postpartum) other than breast cancer have received relatively little research attention. High-quality data from additional cancer sites are needed to inform the care of this unique group of patients.

Objective: To assess mortality and survival in premenopausal women with pregnancy-associated cancers, with a particular focus on cancers other than those of the breast.

Association Between Residential Proximity to Hydraulic Fracturing Sites and Adverse Birth Outcomes.

Importance: The association between hydraulic fracturing and human development is not well understood. Several studies have identified significant associations between unconventional natural gas development and adverse birth outcomes; however, geology and legislation vary between regions.

Objective: To examine the overall association between residential proximity to hydraulic fracturing sites and adverse birth outcomes, and investigate whether well density influenced this association.

Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Outcomes of Elective Fetal Reduction Among Multiple Gestation Pregnancies: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To review the existing literature on fetal and maternal health outcomes following elective pregnancy reduction.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register.

Study Selection: Studies involving women pregnant with dichorionic twins, trichorionic triplets, or quadra-chorionic quadruplets who underwent elective fetal reduction of 1 or more fetuses to reduce the risks associated with multiple gestation pregnancies.

Infertility and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Findings From the tudy of omen's Health cross the ation (SWAN).

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women globally. In recent years, attention has turned to infertility and pregnancy-related events as potential markers for early mortality and future CVD.

Methods: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) is an ongoing longitudinal cohort study of women's health.

Incidence of Pregnancy-Associated Cancer in Two Canadian Provinces: A Population-Based Study.

Pregnancy-associated cancer-that is diagnosed in pregnancy or within 365 days after delivery-is increasingly common as cancer therapy evolves and survivorship increases. This study assessed the incidence and temporal trends of pregnancy-associated cancer in Alberta and Ontario-together accounting for 50% of Canada's entire population. Linked data from the two provincial cancer registries and health administrative data were used to ascertain new diagnoses of cancer, livebirths, stillbirths and induced abortions among women aged 18-50 years, from 2003 to 2015.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Preconception Health Knowledge Questionnaire.

Purpose: To develop and psychometrically test a comprehensive measure of preconception health knowledge.

Design: Cross-sectional survey, in May and June, 2019.

Setting: Alberta, Ontario, and Québec, Canada.

Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of an Interconception Intervention Provided by Public Health Nurses.

Objectives: Preconception health impacts perinatal outcomes, but the difficulty in engaging reproductive-aged individuals in health promotion activities is a barrier to effective implementation of preconception interventions. Since most women have more than one pregnancy and many risk factors repeat across pregnancies, the time between pregnancies-the interconception period-may be an opportune time to improve health. Our objective was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of an interconception intervention delivered by public health nurses.

Roles of the underlying cause of delivery and gestational age on long-term child health.

Background: Clinical conditions leading to delivery are heterogeneous. However, most studies examining the short- and long-term consequences of birth on child health only consider gestational age at delivery, not the underlying cause.

Objective: To examine the effect of both gestational age at delivery and underlying cause of delivery on child health outcomes.

Prepregnancy Diabetes and Perinatal Mental Illness: A Population-Based Latent Class Analysis.

We examined the risk of any perinatal mental illness associated with prepregnancy diabetes and identified how diabetes duration, complexity, and intensity of care affect this risk. We performed a population-based study of women aged 15-49 years with (n = 14,186) and without (n = 843,818) prepregnancy diabetes who had a singleton livebirth (Ontario, Canada, 2005-2015) and no recent mental illness. Modified Poisson regression estimated perinatal mental illness risk between conception and 1 year postpartum in women with versus without diabetes and in diabetes groups, defined by a latent class analysis of diabetes duration, complexity, and intensity-of-care variables, versus women without diabetes.

Measurement of Preconception Health Knowledge: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Preconception health is an important determinant of maternal, paternal, and infant outcomes. Knowledge is commonly used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to promote preconception health. Our objective was to examine how preconception health knowledge has been measured in the existing literature and to identify measurement gaps, biases, and logistical challenges.

Assessment of Long-term Follow-up of Randomized Trial Participants by Linkage to Routinely Collected Data: A Scoping Review and Analysis.

Importance: Follow-up of participants in randomized trials may be limited by logistic and financial factors. Some important randomized trials have been extended well beyond their original follow-up period by linkage of individual participant information to routinely collected data held in administrative records and registries.

Objective: To perform a scoping review of randomized clinical trials extended by record linkage to characterize this literature and explore any additional insights into treatment effectiveness provided by long-term follow-up using record linkage.

Blocking microglial pannexin-1 channels alleviates morphine withdrawal in rodents.

Opiates are essential for treating pain, but termination of opiate therapy can cause a debilitating withdrawal syndrome in chronic users. To alleviate or avoid the aversive symptoms of withdrawal, many of these individuals continue to use opiates. Withdrawal is therefore a key determinant of opiate use in dependent individuals, yet its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood and effective therapies are lacking.