One-Month Postoperative Horizontal Strabismus Surgery Outcomes Using Adjustable and Nonadjustable Sutures.

Introduction: Previous series suggest adjustable sutures (AS) in adult strabismus surgery yield improved ocular alignment and better success rates compared to nonadjustable sutures (NAS). We questioned whether these differences are clinically significant and whether they justify the added time and discomfort required for AS.

Methods: We reviewed all available records of adults undergoing horizontal strabismus surgery by the last two authors between 2000 and 2014.

Short-term retinal detachment risk after treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity with laser photocoagulation versus intravitreal bevacizumab.

Purpose: To perform a stratified comparison of the short-term risk of retinal detachment after treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity treated with panretinal photocoagulation laser versus intravitreal bevacizumab.

Methods: The medical records of consecutive infants treated for type 1 ROP between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. An a priori decision was made to divide infants into two groups, those treated before postmenstrual age (PMA) of 36 0/7 weeks and those treated at or after PMA of 36 0/7 weeks.

Acquired, Comitant, Non-Accommodative Esotropia (ANAET): Evaluation, Treatment, and Prognosis.

Children presenting in later childhood with isolated, acquired, comitant non-accommodative esotropia (ANAET) form an unusual clinical group whose evaluation, treatment, and prognosis are unclear. We identified 9 such patients with no evidence of intracranial pathology whose outcomes following standard bilateral medial rectus recessions were excellent.

Long-Term Follow-up of Spasmus Nutans.

Purpose: Spasmus nutans is an acquired form of nystagmus that is classically associated with torticollis and titubations of the head, often presenting in the first year of life and spontaneously resolving within the next 2 years. The purpose of our study was to record and characterize the long-term prognosis of children diagnosed with spasmus nutans.

Methods: All patients under the age of 21 years with a diagnosis of spasmus nutans were included.

Conservative Management of Lower Eyelid Epiblepharon in Children.

Purpose: Although much literature has focused on various techniques to repair epiblepharon, no study has addressed how frequently surgical intervention is required.

Methods: The authors tabulated data from all patients with epiblepharon seen over the past 15 years.

Results: Eighty-nine patients were included, 61 (69%) with tearing, discharge, conjunctival injection, or eye rubbing.

Episodic Excessive Blinking in Children.

Purpose: Many children present with excessive blinking. Categorization, associated conditions, and prognosis are controversial.

Methods: All children with excessive blinking were reviewed, excluding those with known uveitis, glaucoma, or obvious eyelid abnormalities.

Headache and refractive errors in children.

Purpose: To investigate the association between uncorrected or miscorrected refractive errors in children and headache, and to determine whether correction of refractive errors contributes to headache resolution.

Methods: Results of ophthalmic examination, including refractive error, were recorded at initial visit for headache. If resolution of headache on subsequent visits was not documented, a telephone call was placed to their caregivers to inquire whether headache had resolved.

Treatment of consecutive exotropia: unilateral lateral rectus recession combined with medial rectus advancement or resection.

Purpose: Consecutive exotropia presents a difficult clinical problem, especially when previously recessed medial recti are to be strengthened. Surgical options include advancement, typically with a small resection, and resection alone.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed records of all patients who underwent a second two-muscle surgery on a single eye for consecutive exotropia.

Left-Sided Predominance in Pseudo-esotropia.

Pseudo-strabismus, or more precisely, pseudo-esotropia, is commonly encountered in pediatric ophthalmology. In our practice, the left eye was reported by parents as being deviated more frequently than the right eye. We attribute this laterality to the fact that most parents are right handed.

The association of refractive error, strabismus, and amblyopia with congenital ptosis.

Purpose: To determine the frequency of amblyopia and its associations among children with congenital ptosis.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 92 active patients with congenital ptosis in the practices of 2 of the authors. The main outcome measures were relative eyelid ptosis severity, presence and type of strabismus, refractive error, and amblyopia.

Eye pain in preschool children: diagnostic and prognostic significance.

Background: Preschool children often present for ophthalmologic examination because of eye pain. Although the differential diagnosis includes serious conditions, the diagnostic and prognostic importance of apparently isolated eye pain are unknown.

Methods: We reviewed records of 80 consecutive patients presenting between 2 and 6 years of age with eye pain but without a red eye or a history of an obvious cause of pain.

Performance of strabismic subjects using a validated surgical training module: a pilot study.

Purpose: To compare the performance of patients with strabismus to that of age-matched controls in a validated surgical training module.

Methods: A prospective experimental study was conducted of 14 adult patients with strabismus since childhood and absent stereopsis and of 14 age-matched controls with normal stereopsis. Each participant received instruction in the task of peg transfer on a validated surgical training device and then completed 10 consecutive timed trials.

The American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus workforce distribution project.

Purpose: To describe data sources and functional utility of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) workforce database and associated map files.

Methods: Population data from the 2000 U.S.

Stepwise treatment paradigm for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes achieved by a series of patients treated in a stepwise fashion who presented with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Methods: In this retrospective interventional case series, 127 patients, ranging in age from 1 month to 81 months, with 173 lacrimal systems diagnosed with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, were treated in a stepwise fashion. A treatment paradigm was evaluated that prescribed probing as an initial procedure regardless of age.

Eyelid abscess as a presenting sign of occult sinusitis.

Purpose: To describe 5 patients who presented with eyelid abscesses whose subsequent workup revealed occult sinusitis.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 5 patients who presented with eyelid abscess. Common presenting signs and symptoms were identified.

The management of strabismus in adults--III. The effects on disability.

Introduction: This is the third article in a series on the various facets of the management of strabismus in adults. Here, we give a broad overview of the types and severity of disability and provide initial validation of an instrument (questionnaire) to assess these disability aspects.

Methods: After undergoing strabismus surgery, 101 patients from 6 centers completed a 6-item questionnaire in which they rated both the before-surgery and after-surgery severity of problems associated with their strabismus, ranging from specific health, daily functioning, social interaction, concerns about the future, and self-image to job-related difficulties.

Central corneal thickness and glaucoma in aphakic and pseudophakic children.

Background: The risk of glaucoma among aphakic children is as high as 32%, based primarily on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements. Although IOP may be falsely elevated by increased central corneal thickness, central corneal thickness (CCT) values have not been reported in this population.

Methods: Patients from the practices of 2 pediatric ophthalmologists and 2 glaucoma specialists had measurements of CCT, IOP, and optic nerve cupping, with visual field analysis when possible.

The management of strabismus in adults--II. Patient and provider perspectives on the severity of adult strabismus and on outcome contributors.

Purpose: As part of a larger study intended to evaluate the management of strabismus in adults, we documented and compared patient and provider perspectives on the various factors that may contribute to treatment outcome and value of strabismus care.

Methods: By completing a questionnaire, 170 patients with strabismus (ages 19 to 87 years) and 11 strabismus specialists who performed surgery on these patients each indicated the relative weight of several disease- and treatment-related contributors to the outcome and value of care. In addition, each respondent rated the severity of the strabismus before and after surgery.

Vitrectomy for dense vitreous hemorrhage in infancy.

Purpose: To report clinical data, including etiology and visual outcome, in newborns requiring vitrectomy for dense vitreous hemorrhage.

Methods: In this retrospective case series, we surveyed subscribers to the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus ListServe regarding patients under their care.

Results: A total of 28 eyes of 21 patients were included.

The management of strabismus in adults--I. Clinical characteristics and treatment.

Introduction: This is the first in a series of articles intended to evaluate the management of strabismus in adults, including clinical outcomes and the quality, cost, and value of treatment from the perspectives of patients and health care providers. Here we present clinical characteristics, complexity of surgery, treatment success, and resolved complaints in a group of adult patients who underwent strabismus surgery.

Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective study analyzing the type and amount of ocular misalignment before and after surgery in adult patients with strabismus onset before (BVM, or age < 9 years) or after (AVM, or age >/= 9 years) visual maturation.

Success of balloon catheter dilatation as a primary or secondary procedure for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of lacrimal balloon catheter dilatation in treating congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) as a primary procedure in children more than 18 months of age and in children who have failed lacrimal probing or silicone intubation.

Design: Retrospective, interventional case series.

Participants: Fifty-nine patients, ranging in age from 15 months to 9 years (mean, 35.

Bilateral lateral rectus resection for residual esotropia.

Purpose: Residual or recurrent esotropia is a common problem following bilateral medial rectus recessions for esotropia, and various surgical techniques have been advocated. We have favored bilateral lateral rectus resections.

Methods: We reviewed our results in 25 patients, aged 7 to 89 months (mean 27 months), with a follow-up of 7 to 95 months (mean 39 months) following the second surgery.

The prevalence of uveitis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Because asymptomatic uveitis has been an important cause of visual loss in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, periodic ophthalmologic screenings of such patients have been recommended. Recently, some authors have found a decreased prevalence of uveitis in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: We studied a total of 76 patients (63 girls and 13 boys, aged 1 to 16 years), referred to 3 pediatric ophthalmology practices between March 1976 and October 1999.