[ASSOCIATION OF POLYMORPHISM GENES OF SURFACTANT PROTEINS IN PATIENTS WITH INFLUENZA].

Aim: Evaluate role of gene polymorphisms of surfactant proteins in susceptibility and severity of influenza infection course in representatives of Moscow population. MATERIALS AND METHODS; 320 influenza patients, infected with various influenza virus strains, and 115 healthy individuals (control group),, were included into the study. Human DNA samples genotyping for determination of SFTPA2 gene rs1965708 and rs1059046, SFTPB gene rs1130866 polymorphisms was carried out using a modified method of "adjacent samples".

[The problem of viral hepatitis C in the Russian Federation].

The incidence of chronic viral hepatitides (CVH) has increased 2.2-fold in the Russian Federation over the past decade. This increase is mainly determined by an almost threefold rise in the incidence of chronic hepatitis C (CHC): from 12.

[Immunogenetic factors of interaction of hepatitis C virus and human and possibilities of development of therapeutic tactic].

Various macroorganism factors influence spontaneous and therapy induced elimination of hepatitis C virus. Standard therapy is application of a combination of pegylated interfernos and ribavirin. However such tactics results in attainment of a resistant virological response in approximately half the cases during infection by genotype 1 virus.

[Features of proliferative response of T-cells on hepatitis c virus antigens in healthy individuals contacting with this virus].

Aim: Evaluation of CD3+ and CD3-/CD56+ proliferative response on hepatitis C virus antigens in healthy medical workers.

Materials And Methods: The study included 15 medical workers with length of service of 2 and more years without common risk factors (blood and blood products transfusion, abdominal operations, invasive procedures, use of intravenous drugs). Control group consisted of 9 healthy individuals without risk factors.

[The burden of viral hepatitis in the Russian Federation requires reducing its progression for the long term, including chronic hepatitis C)].

Aim: To evaluate the impact of using the innovative antiviral drugs in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) on the disease burden in the long term.

Materials And Methods: A program was developed to increase the availability of innovative antiviral therapy (AVT) in patients with CHC covering the period from 2013 to 2020. To evaluate the impact of the program on the burden of hepatitis C (HC) in the Russian Federation, a Markov model of the disease progression was developed till 2030.

[Long-term entecavir efficacy retention in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B with an outcome to hepatic cirrhosis caused by its resistant virus strain].

The paper gives concise data on the efficacy of entecavir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B caused by its resistant virus strain and describes a relevant clinical case.

[Immunogenetic predictors of a rapid virologic response to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C].

Aim: To determine the correlation between interleukin 28B (IL28B) gene polymorphism in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), the presence or absence a rapid virologic response to antiviral therapy, and a number of immunological characteristics as a basis for a personalized approach to treating the patients.

Subjects And Methods: Seventeen CHC patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b were examined and underwent genetic testing for IL28B gene polymorphism for rs12979860 (CC, CT or TT genotypes) and rs8099917 (TT, TG or GG genotypes) using the modified method of adjacent samples, which revealed single nucleotide substitutions in the genes. Their immunological parameters were identified by a flow cytometry technique by taking into account whether a rapid virologic response had been achieved.

[The etiological pattern of diseases in pregnant women with enhanced blood ALT and AST activities, admitted to the obstetric unit of infectious disease hospital].

Aim: to define a role of hepatotropic (HAV, HBV, HCV, and HDV) and opportunistic hepatotropic (HGV, CMV, EBV, HHV types 1, 2, and 6) viruses in the etiological pattern of diseases accompanied by enhanced blood AlAT and AsA T activities in pregnant women.

Subjects And Methods: Two hundred and eleven pregnant women, including 123 patients with chronic viral hepatitis, 74 with enhanced blood AlAT activity and no markers of viral hepatitis (EAlA T-NMVH), and 14 with acute viral hepatitis were examined.

Results: Most pregnant women with chronic HBV and HCV infections were found to have HBV DNA and HCV RNA in the blood in the presence of normal and enhanced activities of transaminases.

[HCV genome variability in acute and chronic viral hepatitis C].

Aim: To evaluate HCV genome variability in acute and chronic phases of viral hepatitis C.

Material And Methods: The study of heterogeneity of HCV in acute hepatitis C has detected genetic heterogeneity and variability of individual HCV population circulating in the blood. Significant genetic heterogeneity of HCV was observed in 1b, 2a and 3a genotypes.

[Blood levels of HbsAg in patients with different variants of chronic HBV-infection].

Aim: To estimate HbsAg in patients with different variants of chronic HBV infection.

Material And Methods: Assay of HbsAg (IU/ml) in blood serum was made in 156 patients with chronic HBV infection (70 males and 86 females, age 19 to 78 years) using the test-system HbsAg Architect Lot 59665LF00 (Abbott) on the automatic analyzer Architect with construction of 4-parameter logistic curve.

Results: There are significant differences in the levels of HbsAg depending on the course of chronic HBV-infection: inactive carriers of HBV (12,884.

[Acute hepatitis of unspecified etiology: etiological structure and clinical-laboratory characteristics].

The straight line nucleic acids detection method of viruses and wide spectrum of virus antigens immunodiagnostics in acute hepatitis of unknown etiology patients has allowed verifying the diagnosis at 19% cases (a viral hepatitis A, C or E). Results of research do not allow to consider hepatotropic viruses HGV, TTV, PV B19, EBV, CMV, HHV 1, 2, 6 and 8 type, NV-F as etiological agents at the majority of patients of investigated group, and the data of the anamnesis and a clinical and laboratory picture of a current of disease does not allow to exclude at 29.4% of patients a drug-induced hepatitis.

[Role of host in spontaneous recovery from viral hepatitis C: the body's condition at the moment of infection].

The condition of the host at the moment of infection is that its immune competence largely determines the efficiency, kinetics, and profile (Thl/Th2) of a further specific immunity response and, accordingly, the outcome of penetration of hepatitis C virus (HCV) into the body and subsequent acute infection (if it occurs). The parameters determining immune competence may include age, traumatizing exposures (operations, burns, wounds, and fractures), immunosuppressive therapy, stresses, con-infections, and alcohol use. The highest rates of spontaneous convalescence from HCV infection are observed in children and adolescents.

[Immune status of patients with different outcomes of acute hepatitis C].

Aim: To ascertain parameters of immune response significant for prognosis of the disease outcome in patients with acute hepatitis C (AHC).

Material And Methods: Seventy two examinees were divided into three groups: 30 patients of group 1 had AHC; 29 patients of group 2 had chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with the disease history 3-10 years; 13 AHC convalescents who had the disease 3-10 years ago. The control group consisted of 10 healthy subjects.

[Diagnostic significance of type IV collagen and hyaluronic acid in the serum of patients with chronic hepatitis C for staging hepatic fibrosis].

Aim: To evaluate diagnostic value of serologic fibrosis markers (hyaluronic acid--HA and type IV collagen C-IV) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and hepatic cirrhosis (HC).

Material And Methods: HA and C-IV were measured in 88 CHC patients with fibrosis stage 1 (n = 63) and 3 (n = 25), 13 patients with acute hepatitis C (AHC), 28 patients with hepatic cirrhosis (HC), 19 patients with pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The control group consisted of 32 healthy subjects.

[Seroconversion to various hepatitis C virus antigens in patients with hepatitis C from various sources].

A total of 136 patients with acute icteric hepatitis C, including patients with known outcome, were examined. Therefore, 46 serological samples, obtained from 13 patients with subsequent remission, and 63 samples, obtained from 13 patients, who subsequently developed the chronic disease stage, were analyzed. The serum of known outcome patients were examined, by using the immune-enzyme analysis method, to the antibodies of both class IgG, and IgM.

[Detection of type specific antibodies to hepatitis C virus NS4 protein in hepatitis C patients by enzyme immunoassay].

A multi-enzyme immmune-assay test system was designed for serotyping of genotypes hepatitis C virus (HCV) and a method of such typing of the serum of patients with hepatitis C was worked out. The above test-system was worked out on the basis of a study of 10 type-specific peptides modeling different fragments from NS4-protein variable region of HCV. The designed test system was evaluated by using a set of 42 serum samples obtained at random from patients with chronic hepatitis C, which had been preliminarily genotyped by polymerase chain reaction.

[Spectrum of antibodies to HCV antigens in patients with different clinical patterns of chronic HCV infection].

Correlations between the spectra of antibodies to HCV proteins represented by various antigenic determinants and clinical variants of chronic HCV infection were studied. Synthetic peptides core-16, NS4-20, and NS5-23 simulating the immunodominant regions of the core, NS4 and NS5 proteins and recombinant proteins core-114 and NS4-86 were used as antigens. The results indicate that if the serum of an HCV patients contains no IgG to both antigenic determinants of NS4 or to NS5 in combination with any core antigenic determinant, a clinical and biochemical remission is highly probable.

[Diagnostic significance of antibody detection to various hepatitis C virus antigens in patients with acute and chronic HCV-infection].

Aim: To examine diagnostic value of antibodies to various HCV antigens in patients with acute and chronic HCV-infection.

Material And Methods: Enzyme immunoassay has tested blood sera from 136 patients with icteric acute hepatitis C (AHC) and 45 patients with chronic HCV infection for IgG antibodies to antigens of proteins core, NS4, NS5, HCV. Synthetic peptides core-16, NS4-20, NS5-23 were used as antigens.

[The role of hepatitis C virus RNA detection in various substrates of patients with chronic hepatitis C].

Puncture biopsy of the liver and blood count were made in 72 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Morphological alterations in the liver were assessed by Knodell index. The blood serum, lymphocytes and hepatic tissue were examined for a genome form of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, blood lymphocytes and hepatic tissue--for a relevant replication form.

[Use of PCR for detection of positive (genomic) and negative (replicative) RNA chains of hepatitis C virus in the serum, lymphocytes, and liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C].

The presence of viral RNA in liver tissue and peripheral blood serum and lymphocytes of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) was studied by polymerase chain reaction with nested primers on the 5'-untranslated region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome. Positive (genome) RNA was more often detected in the liver (81% cases) than in the peripheral blood serum (55%) or lymphocytes (64%). Active replication of HCV (presence of negative RNA chains) was observed only in the liver (in 37% cases).

[Serological study of hepatitis C virus NS5 protein epitopes and their clinical and diagnostic significance].

Three peptides corresponding to the 2295-2317 aa NS5 HCV region and individual parts of this region were synthesized. Antigenic properties of these peptides were investigated. The 2295-2317 aa region contains at least two epitopes of different nature.

Detection of hepatitis G virus (HGV) RNA: clinical characteristics of acute HGV infection.

The role of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection in acute non-A-E hepatitis was investigated in adults with viral hepatitis. HGV RNA was present in 1 of 28 patients with non-A-E hepatitis but 9 of 22 with hepatitis C (P < .003).

[Prevalence of genotypes of the hepatitis C virus, circulating in northwestern and central parts of Russia].

Testing of 90 sera for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) by genotyping methods resulted in determination of the genotype in 83 cases: 47 cases with 1b genotype, 27 with 1a, 7 with 3a, 1 with 2a, and 1 with 2b genotype. Hence, preliminary data indicate the predominance of HCV genotype 1b among patients with hepatitis C in these regions of Russia.