Exploring the Effects of Metformin on the Body via the Urine Proteome.

Metformin is the first-line medication for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, with more than 200 million patients taking it daily. Its effects are extensive and play a positive role in multiple areas. Can its effects and potential mechanisms be explored through the urine proteome? In this study, 166 differential proteins were identified following the administration of 150 mg/(kg·d) of metformin to rats for five consecutive days.

Anti-PD1 based precision induction therapy in unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II umbrella clinical trial.

The efficacy and safety of induction-immunotherapy followed by surgery for unresectable Stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain challenging. In this open-label, single-center, phase II clinical umbrella trial (ChiCTR2000035367), 100 unresectable Stage III NSCLC patients are enrolled. Patients with PD-L1 expression ≥ 50% but contraindications to anti-angiogenic therapy receive immuno-monotherapy.

Construction of a nomogram model to predict the risk of retinopathy of prematurity reactivate after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: a retrospective study.

Objective: To explore the risk factors for the reactivate of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and to construct a nomogram model to predict the risk of ROP reactivate.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 185 ROP children who underwent anti-VEGF treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to October 2023. They were randomly divided into a training set (129 cases) and a validation set (56 cases) at a ratio of 7:3.

External validation of the ICU-CARB score to predict carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria carriage in critically ill patients upon ICU admission: a multicenter analysis.

Background: Recognition of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) carriage is frequently delayed, which increases the risk of subsequent infection and transmission. Previously, we developed a scoring system to identify CR-GNB carriage upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Although the ICU-CARB score showed satisfactory performance, it has not been externally validated.

Sleeve lobectomy versus pneumonectomy following neoadjuvant therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Neoadjuvant therapy has gained widespread acceptance as the standard modality for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. However, the clinical benefit of sleeve lobectomy (SL) or pneumonectomy (PN) following neoadjuvant therapy remains controversial.

Methods: The clinical and pathological characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent SL or PN after neoadjuvant therapy at a high-volume single centre between December 2019 and March 2023 were retrospectively collected.

Pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing frozen embryo transfer.

Objective: To determine whether polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increases adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes in women undergoing frozen embryo transfer (FET).

Design: Retrospective cohort study. The PCOS group was matched 1:2 with the control group population using propensity score matching.

Proton-Enriched Alginate-Graphene Hydrogel Microreactor for Enhanced Hydrogen Peroxide Photosynthesis.

Efficient synthesis of HO via photocatalytic oxygen reduction without sacrificial agents is challenging due to inadequate proton supply from water and difficulty in maintaining O-O bond during O activation. Herein, we developed a straightforward strategy involving a proton-rich hydrogel cross-linked by metal ions [M(n)], which is designed to facilitate the selective production of HO through proton relay and metal ion-assisted detachment of crucial intermediates. The hydrogel comprises CdS/graphene and alginate cross-linked by metal ions via O=C-O-M(n) bonds.

Perioperative outcomes of robotic versus video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in non-small cell lung cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.

Background: Limited data are available regarding perioperative outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who undergo robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. This study aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes of RATS and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in NSCLC patients after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.

Methods: The study involved consecutive NSCLC patients treated with minimally invasive surgery (MIS) after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy at a high-volume single center from September 2020 to October 2022.

Machine learning prediction model of major adverse outcomes after pediatric congenital heart surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Major adverse postoperative outcomes (APOs) can greatly affect mortality, hospital stay, care management and planning, and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of five machine learning (ML) algorithms for predicting four major APOs after pediatric congenital heart surgery and their clinically meaningful model interpretations.

Methods: Between August 2014 and December 2021, 23 000 consecutive pediatric patients receiving congenital heart surgery were enrolled.

Spread Through Air Spaces in Stage I Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma.

Background: Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) represents an exceptionally aggressive and infrequent variant within the realm of non-small cell lung cancer, necessitating surgical intervention as the primary therapeutic approach. However, the postoperative management strategy for early-stage patients continues to be a subject of intense debate and uncertainty.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of patients diagnosed with LCNEC who underwent surgical resection at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between July 2018 and June 2022.

Engineering an AI-based forward-reverse platform for the design of cross-ribosome binding sites of a transcription factor biosensor.

A cross-ribosome binding site (cRBS) adjusts the dynamic range of transcription factor-based biosensors (TFBs) by controlling protein expression and folding. The rational design of a cRBS with desired TFB dynamic range remains an important issue in TFB forward and reverse engineering. Here, we report a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-based forward-reverse engineering platform for TFB dynamic range prediction and cRBS design with selected TFB dynamic ranges.

Changes in the urinary proteome of rats after short-term intake of magnesium L-threonate(MgT).

Introduction: Magnesium (Mg) is an important mineral in living organisms. Magnesium has multiple functions in the human body, wherein it plays an important therapeutic and preventive role in a variety of diseases.

Methods: Urine samples of rats before and after gavage of magnesium L-threonate (MgT) were collected, and the urinary proteome was identified using the LC-MS/MS technique and analyzed using various databases.

The impact of oncogenic driver mutations on neoadjuvant immunotherapy outcomes in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has been demonstrated to be effective and safe in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the presence of different oncogenic driver mutations may affect the tumor microenvironment and consequently influence the clinical benefit from immunotherapy.

Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive NSCLC patients (stage IIA to IIIB) who underwent radical surgery after receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy at a single high-volume center between December 2019 and August 2022.

The ICU-CARB score: a novel clinical scoring system to predict carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria carriage in critically ill patients upon ICU admission.

Background: With the widespread spread of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) in medical facilities, the carriage of CR-GNB among critically ill patients has become a significant concern in intensive care units (ICU). This study aimed to develop a scoring system to identify CR-GNB carriers upon ICU admission.

Methods: Consecutive critically ill patients admitted to the ICU of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital between January 2017 and December 2020 were included.

Drain fluid volume combined with amylase level predicts clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A retrospective clinical study.

Background And Aim: Several indicators are recognized in the development of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). However, drain fluid volume (DFV) remains poorly studied. We aimed to discover the predictive effects of DFV and guide clinical management.

Urine proteomic analysis of the rat e-cigarette model.

Background: We were curious if the urinary proteome could reflect the effects of e-cigarettes on the organism.

Methods: Urine samples were collected from a rat e-cigarette model before, during, and after two weeks of e-cigarette smoking. Urine proteomes before and after smoking of each rat were compared individually, while the control group was set up to rule out differences caused by rat growth and development.

Arginine-carboxylated pullulan, a potential antibacterial material for food packaging.

Pullulan possesses excellent film-forming properties and oxygen isolation capabilities. However, it exhibits limited antibacterial properties and poor water resistance, thereby hindering its application in the field of food preservation. In this study, we synthesized D-arginine-succinic anhydride-pullulan (Arg-SA-Pul) by carboxylating pullulan and subsequently grafting it with D-arginine.

Preoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index and Nomogram for Predicting the Risk of Postoperative Complications in Patients With Crohn's Disease.

Introduction: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) are at a high risk of having postoperative complications. Preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) has been extensively studied for postoperative complications in malignancies but seldom for CD.

Methods: Patients who underwent CD-related bowel surgery for the first time in our hospital were retrospectively enrolled from January 2013 to October 2019.

Risk factors for and prognostic values of postoperative acute kidney injury after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A retrospective, propensity score-matched cohort study of 1312 patients.

Background: While an association between postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and adverse events exists, the incidence and impact of postoperative AKI after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remain unclear. This study aimed to diagnose AKI and investigate the risk factors for and prognostic value of postoperative AKI.

Methods: Clinical characteristics of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy between 2013 and 2020 at a high-volume centre were collected retrospectively.

The Impact of Additional Para-aortic Dissection During Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer.

Background: The short-term outcome and long-term survival of pancreaticoduodenectomy with additional para-aortic dissection (PAD) for patients with resectable pancreatic cancer remain obscure.

Patients And Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent radical pancreaticoduodenectomy for resectable pancreatic cancer in a single high-volume center during a 7-year period were included retrospectively. Both short- and long-term effects of PAD were compared between the PAD group and the no PAD group.

Long-term outcomes of standard versus extended lymphadenectomy in pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A Chinese multi-center prospective randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: The value of extended lymphadenectomy in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) has been discussed by five randomized controlled studies. However, the limitations in the studies made their conclusions not sufficiently reliable.

Objectives: This multi-center randomized controlled study was designed to clarify the efficacy of extended lymphadenectomy in PD for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Oncological outcomes of robotic pancreatectomy in patients with pancreatic cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy: A propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study.

Background: Limited data are available regarding long-term oncological outcomes in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) who undergo robotic pancreatectomy (RP).

Method: All patients who underwent RP and open pancreatectomy (OP) for resectable PDAC between January 2011 and December 2019 were included. The RP group was matched 1:1 with OP group by propensity score matching (PSM).