Establishment of a R-Sphere labelled immunoassay platform and its rapid combined quantitative detection of ketamine and morphine in serum.

Background And Aims: Ketamine and morphine are among the most commonly abused drugs. Ketamine is classified as a new psychoactive substance, while morphine represents the opioid class. These two substances may exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effects in their pharmacological actions, and their combined abuse could lead to more severe health risks, such as respiratory depression.

Development of a rabbit model for adrenoleukodystrophy: A pilot study on gene therapy using rAAV9.

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a common peroxisomal disorder caused by mutations in the gene, leading to the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). This progressive neurodegenerative disease manifests in three primary forms: childhood-acquired cerebral demyelination (CALD), adult myelopathy (AMN), and primary adrenal cortical insufficiency. Bone marrow transplantation effectively halts disease progression only in the early stages of CALD.

Dual-modal super-resolution ultrasound and NIR-II fluorescence imaging of ischemic stroke with ICG-doped porous PLGA microspheres.

Ischemic stroke, resulting from the obstruction of blood flow to the brain, remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, while effective for identifying stroke locations, are often limited in their ability to detect early pathological changes due to constraints in spatial resolution and sensitivity. This study introduces a novel dual-modal imaging approach that employs indocyanine green-doped porous poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres (ICG-pPLGA MPs) for super-resolution ultrasound and near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging of ischemic stroke.

Exploring the neural mechanisms underlying cooperation and competition behavior: Insights from stereo-electroencephalography hyperscanning.

Cooperation and competition are essential social behaviors in human society. This study utilized hyperscanning and stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) to investigate intra- and inter-brain neural dynamics underlying these behaviors within the insula and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), regions critical for executive function and mentalizing. We found distinct high-gamma responses and connectivity patterns, with a stronger influence from IFG to insula during competition and more balanced interactions during cooperation.

Real-world study of phakic refractive lens for correction of high myopia.

Background: To assess the safety and efficacy of phakic refractive lens (PRL) implantation for correcting high myopia, as well as an ophthalmic viscosurgical device-free (OVD-free) method for PRL implantation.

Methods: In this real-world prospective study, consecutive patients implanted with PRL in one or both eyes were enrolled. Based on the surgical techniques used, the eyes were divided into the OVD-free method group and the conventional method group.

Extracellular Mitochondrial-Derived Vesicles Affect the Progression of Diabetic Foot Ulcer by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus, the etiology of which remains insufficiently understood, particularly regarding the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, nanoflow cytometry to detect EVs in DFU skin tissues is used and found a significant increase in the Translocase of Outer Mitochondrial Membrane 20 (TOM20) mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs). The role of MDVs in DFU is yet to be reported.

Rapid Iron-Mediated Aqueous-Phase Reactions of Organic Peroxides from Monoterpene-Derived Criegee Intermediates and Implications for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry.

Fenton-like reactions between organic peroxides and transition-metal ions in the atmospheric aqueous phase have profound impacts on the chemistry, composition, and health effects of aerosols. However, the kinetics, mechanisms, and key influencing factors of such reactions remain poorly understood. In this study, we synthesized a series of monoterpene-derived α-acyloxyalkyl hydroperoxides (AAHPs), an important class of organic peroxides formed from Criegee intermediates during the ozonolysis of alkenes, and investigated their Fenton-like reactions with iron ions in the aqueous phase.

Weakly Solvating Cyclic Ether-Based Deep Eutectic Electrolytes for Stable High-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries.

Deep eutectic electrolytes (DEE) have emerged as an innovative approach to address the instability and safety issues of lithium metal batteries at elevated temperatures. However, in practice, there is often an undesirable incompatibility between the eutectic mixture and electrodes, and also an insufficient reduction stability of DEE due to the increased Li concentration. Herein, we designed a new DEE by utilizing weakly solvating tetrahydropyran (THP) solvent.

3D-printed manganese dioxide incorporated scaffold promotes osteogenic-angiogenic coupling for refractory bone defect by remodeling osteo-regenerative microenvironment.

The treatment of refractory bone defects is a major clinical challenge, especially in steroid-associated osteonecrosis (SAON), which is characterized by insufficient osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Herin, a microenvironment responsiveness scaffold composed of poly-L-lactide (PLLA), and manganese dioxide (MnO) nanoparticles is designed to enhance bone regeneration by scavenging endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulating immune microenvironment in situ. A catalase-like catalytic reaction between MnO and endogenous hydrogen peroxide (HO) generated at the bone defect area, which typically becomes acidic and ROS-rich, triggers on-demand release of oxygen and Mn, significantly ameliorating inflammatory response by promoting M2-type polarization of macrophages, reprograming osteoimmune microenvironment conducive to angiogenesis and osteogenesis.

Efficacy and safety of Shenmai injection in the treatment of viral myocarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shenmai injection for the treatment of viral myocarditis (VMS) through systematic evaluation and meta-analysis.

Methods: Seven databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials that examined the use of Shenmai injection for the treatment of VMS. The databases were searched from inception to 20 January 2024.

RNF4 mediated degradation of PDHA1 promotes colorectal cancer metabolism and metastasis.

This study investigates the role of RNF4-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of PDHA1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) metabolism and metastasis. Integrating (The Cancer Genome Atlas) TCGA and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) databases, proteomic, clinical, and metabolomic analyses were performed, revealing PDHA1 as a prognostic marker in CRC. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed lower PDHA1 expression in metastatic CRC tissues.

Localized Water Restriction in Ternary Eutectic Electrolytes for Ultra-Low Temperature Hydrogen Batteries.

Proton batteries are promising candidates for next-generation large-scale energy storage in extreme conditions due to the small ionic radius and efficient transport of protons. Hydrogen gas, with its low working potentials, fast kinetics, and stability, further enhances the performance of proton batteries but necessitates the development of novel electrolytes with low freezing points and reduced corrosion. This work introduces a localized water restriction strategy by incorporating a tertiary component with a high donor number, which forms strong bonds with water molecules.

Electricity production and nutrient recovery from waste activated sludge via microbial fuel cell and subsequent struvite crystallization: Effect of low temperature thermo-alkaline pretreatment.

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) and subsequent struvite crystallization are available low-carbon environmental- friendly techniques for resource utilization of waste activated sludge (WAS). In this study, low temperature thermo-alkaline pretreatment (LTTAP) was innovatively proposed for enhancing MFC electricity generation and subsequent struvite crystallization from WAS. The results indicated that LTTAP at 75 °C and pH 10 not only substantially shortened the start-up time of MFC to 3-4 days, but also significantly increased maximum power density to 5.

Targeted blood-brain barrier penetration and precise imaging of infiltrative glioblastoma margins using hybrid cell membrane-coated ICG liposomes.

Surgical resection remains the primary treatment modality for glioblastoma (GBM); however, the infiltrative nature of GBM margins complicates achieving complete tumor removal. Additionally, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a formidable challenge to effective probe delivery, thereby hindering precise imaging-guided surgery. Here, we introduce hybrid cell membrane-coated indocyanine green (ICG) liposomes (HM-Lipo-ICG) as biomimetic near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes for targeted BBB penetration and accurate delineation of infiltrative GBM margins.

Two grasses differ in their absorptive root physiological traits and rooting depth under drought in an alpine steppe.

Background And Aims: Absorptive root traits play important roles in acquisition of water and nutrients from soil by plants. Despite numerous reports on the changes in species dominance under long-term drought in grassland community, few studies have specifically investigated absorptive root traits of these dominant species in grasslands, especially in the alpine grasslands.

Methods: Here, two grass species (Leymus secalinus and Stipa purpurea) differing in their responses to drought were selected from an alpine steppe.

Smart Wrinkled Interfaces: Patterning, Morphing, and Coding of Polymer Surfaces by Dynamic Anisotropic Wrinkling.

In contrast to traditional static surfaces, smart patterned surfaces with periodical and reversible morphologies offer limitless opportunities for encoding surface functions and properties on demand, facilitating their widespread application as functional building blocks in various devices. Advances in intelligently controlling the macroscopic properties of these smart surfaces have been accomplished through various techniques (such as three-dimensional printing, imprint lithography and femtosecond laser) and responsive materials. In contrast to the sophisticated techniques above, dynamic anisotropic wrinkling, taking advantage of dynamic programmable manipulation of surface wrinkling and its orientation, offers a powerful alternative for fabricating dynamic periodical patterns due to its spontaneous formation, versatility, convenient scale-up fabrication, and sensitivity to various stimuli.

The effect of depression status on osteoarthritis: A powerful two-step Mendelian randomization study.

Unlabelled: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide.

Objective: There is no conclusive epidemiological evidence regarding the relationship between OA, depression, and whole-body fat mass. In this study, we conducted a two-step Mendelian randomization analysis to determine the causal relationships between them.

Species-specific effect of particle viscosity and particle-phase reactions on the formation of secondary organic aerosol.

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a major component of atmospheric fine particulate matter. Both particle viscosity and particle-phase chemistry play a crucial role in the formation and evolution of SOA; however, our understanding on how these two factors together with gas-phase chemistry collectively determine the formation of SOA is still limited. Here we developed a kinetic aerosol multilayer model coupled with gas-phase and particle-phase chemistry to simulate SOA formation.