Targeted Initiation of Trained Immunity in Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Membrane-Camouflaged Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for Lung Carcinoma Immunotherapy.

Inducing trained immunity in macrophages is an increasingly promising strategy for preventing cancer development. However, it has not been investigated whether trained immunity in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can be initiated for antitumor applications. Here, we provide a practical strategy that utilizes the macrophage membrane (M) to camouflage Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (M@BCG), endowing it with the capability to selectively target tumors and efficiently induce trained immunity for TAMs.