Nature of the lunar far-side samples returned by the Chang'E-6 mission.

The Chang'E-6 (CE-6) mission successfully achieved return of the first samples from the far side of the Moon. The sampling site of CE-6 is located in the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin-the largest, deepest and oldest impact basin on the Moon. The 1935.

Comprehensive mapping of lunar surface chemistry by adding Chang'e-5 samples with deep learning.

Lunar surface chemistry is essential for revealing petrological characteristics to understand the evolution of the Moon. Existing chemistry mapping from Apollo and Luna returned samples could only calibrate chemical features before 3.0 Gyr, missing the critical late period of the Moon.

Martian dunes indicative of wind regime shift in line with end of ice age.

Orbital observations suggest that Mars underwent a recent 'ice age' (roughly 0.4-2.1 million years ago), during which a latitude-dependent ice-dust mantle (LDM) was emplaced.

Vapor-deposited digenite in Chang'e-5 lunar soil.

Frequent impacts on the Moon have changed the physical and chemical properties of the lunar regolith, with new materials deposited from the impact-induced vapor phase. Here, we combined nanoscale chemical and structural analysis to identify the mineral digenite (4CuS·CuS) in Chang'e-5 lunar soil. This is the first report of digenite in a lunar sample.

Sub-microscopic magnetite and metallic iron particles formed by eutectic reaction in Chang'E-5 lunar soil.

Ferric iron as well as magnetite are rarely found in lunar samples, and their distribution and formation mechanisms on the Moon have not been well studied. Here, we discover sub-microscopic magnetite particles in Chang'E-5 lunar soil. Magnetite and pure metallic iron particles are embedded in oxygen-dissolved iron-sulfide grains from the Chang'E-5 samples.

Evidence of water on the lunar surface from Chang'E-5 in-situ spectra and returned samples.

The distribution range, time-varying characteristics, and sources of lunar water are still controversial. Here we show the Chang'E-5 in-situ spectral observations of lunar water under Earth's magnetosphere shielding and relatively high temperatures. Our results show the hydroxyl contents of lunar soils in Chang'E-5 landing site are with a mean value of 28.

Characteristics of the lunar samples returned by the Chang'E-5 mission.

Forty-five years after the Apollo and Luna missions returned lunar samples, China's Chang'E-5 (CE-5) mission collected new samples from the mid-latitude region in the northeastern Oceanus Procellarum of the Moon. Our study shows that 95% of CE-5 lunar soil sizes are found to be within the range of 1.40-9.

Two-billion-year-old volcanism on the Moon from Chang'e-5 basalts.

The Moon has a magmatic and thermal history that is distinct from that of the terrestrial planets. Radioisotope dating of lunar samples suggests that most lunar basaltic magmatism ceased by around 2.9-2.

A dry lunar mantle reservoir for young mare basalts of Chang'e-5.

The distribution of water in the Moon's interior carries implications for the origin of the Moon, the crystallization of the lunar magma ocean and the duration of lunar volcanism. The Chang'e-5 mission returned some of the youngest mare basalt samples reported so far, dated at 2.0 billion years ago (Ga), from the northwestern Procellarum KREEP Terrane, providing a probe into the spatiotemporal evolution of lunar water.

Lunar impact crater identification and age estimation with Chang'E data by deep and transfer learning.

Impact craters, which can be considered the lunar equivalent of fossils, are the most dominant lunar surface features and record the history of the Solar System. We address the problem of automatic crater detection and age estimation. From initially small numbers of recognized craters and dated craters, i.

Chang'E-4 initial spectroscopic identification of lunar far-side mantle-derived materials.

Over 60 years of spacecraft exploration has revealed that the Earth's Moon is characterized by a lunar crust dominated by the mineral plagioclase, overlying a more mafic (richer in iron and magnesium) mantle of uncertain composition. Both crust and mantle formed during the earliest stages of lunar evolution when late-stage accretional energy caused a molten rock (magma) ocean, flotation of the light plagioclase, sinking of the denser iron-rich minerals, such as olivine and pyroxene, and eventually solidification. Very large impact craters can potentially penetrate through the crust and sample the lunar mantle.

Volcanic history of the Imbrium basin: A close-up view from the lunar rover Yutu.

We report the surface exploration by the lunar rover Yutu that landed on the young lava flow in the northeastern part of the Mare Imbrium, which is the largest basin on the nearside of the Moon and is filled with several basalt units estimated to date from 3.5 to 2.0 Ga.

[Geogenic distribution and baseline concentrations of cadmium in surficial soil of Guiyang, China].

The characteristics of environmental geochemistry of heavy metal pollutant cadmium (Cd) in the surficial soil of Guiyang, Guizhou, China was studied. The baseline concentration of Cd in soil and the geochemistry norms have been established to distinguish the nature or artificial influence on the environment. The statistical analysis indicated that the baseline of Cd in Guiyang was 0.

Short-lived chlorine-36 in a Ca- and Al-rich inclusion from the Ningqiang carbonaceous chondrite.

Excesses of sulfur-36 in sodalite, a chlorine-rich mineral, in a calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusion from the Ningqiang carbonaceous chondrite linearly correlate with chorine/sulfur ratios, providing direct evidence for the presence of short-lived chlorine-36 (with a half-life of 0.3 million years) in the early solar system. The best inferred (36Cl/35Cl)o ratios of the sodalite are approximately 5 x 10(-6).

[The dynamics rules of soil organic matter of turnover ecosystems traced by stable carbon isotopes].

On the basis of different photosynthetic pathway, there's obvious difference in delta 13 C values between C3 plants and C4 plants. Use this characteristic, the delta 13C values in different size and density fractions of two profile soil samples either in farm land and forest lands near Maolan Karst virgin forest was analyzed, there plant C3 plants previously and plant C4 plants now. Results showed that the delta 13C values of different size fractions in forest soil aere delta 13Ccoarse sand < delta 13Cfine sand < delta 13Ccoarse silt < delta 13Cclay < delta 13Cfine silt, and the delta 13C values of different size fractions in farmland soil were delta 13Ccoarse sand > delta 13Cfine sand > delta 13Ccoarse silt > delta 13Cclay > delta 13Cfine silt, it indicated that the soil organic matter was fresh in coarse sand and oldest in fine silt.

[Soil organic matter changes of turnover ecosystems traced by stable carbon isotopes].

On the basis of different photosynthetic pathway, there's obvious difference in delta 13C values between C3 plants and C4 plants. Use this characteristic, the organic carbon content (forest lands: 1.81%-16.