Peptoniphilus vaginalis bacteremia in a patient with diabetic foot infection: First reported case and literature review.

Background: Peptoniphilus vaginalis, a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus, is a recently characterized species within the Peptoniphilus genus. No studies have detailed its features. This report documents the first case of P.

Clustering Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD154CD4 T cells for distinguishing tuberculosis disease from infection based on single-cell RNA-seq analysis.

Background: Distinguishing between active tuberculosis disease (TBD) and latent tuberculosis infection (TBI) is crucial for TB control but remains challenging.

Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing was conducted on purified Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific CD154CD4 T cells.

Results: We observe a superior role of CD154 in detecting MTB infection, whereas its ability in distinguishing TBD from TBI is still limited due to patient heterogeneity.

A novel method for screening malignant hematological diseases by constructing an optimal machine learning model based on blood cell parameters.

Background: Screening of malignant hematological diseases is of great importance for their diagnosis and subsequent treatment. This study constructed an optimal screening model for malignant hematological diseases based on routine blood cell parameters.

Methods: The venous blood samples of 1751 patients collected from 10 tertiary hospitals in China were divided into a training set (1223 cases) and a validation set (528 cases).

Modified TPPA combined with western blotting facilitates syphilis diagnosis in isolated reactive treponemal chemiluminescence immunoassay sera: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The challenge of dealing with isolated reactive treponemal chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA) results in clinical practice has prompted the development of a more efficient algorithm for distinguishing true infection from false reactivity in isolated CIA sera.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Wuhan Tongji Hospital, involving 119,002 individuals screened for syphilis using CIA from January 1, 2015, to January 6, 2017. Samples with reactive CIA results underwent simultaneous testing with the T.

Establishment of epidemiological cut-off values of etimicin: a new fourth-generation aminoglycoside, against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus.

Objective: To determine the epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values of etimicin against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus.

Methods: We selected 1500 isolates from five hospitals throughout five cities in China spanning from January 2018 to December 2021 in the study. Minimal inhibit concentrations (MICs) of etimicin were determined using the broth microdilution method.

Modification of carbapenemase inhibition test and comparison of its performance with NG-Test CARBA 5 for detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales.

Aims: Adequately and accurately identifying carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) is vital for selecting appropriate antimicrobial therapy and implementing effective infection control measures. This study aims to optimize the phenotypic detection method of carbapenemase for routine diagnostics in clinical microbiology laboratories.

Methods And Results: Carbapenemase genes in 2665 non-duplicate CRE clinical strains collected from various regions of China were confirmed through whole-genome sequencing (WGS).

The immune landscape of sepsis and using immune clusters for identifying sepsis endotypes.

Background: The dysregulated immune response to sepsis still remains unclear. Stratification of sepsis patients into endotypes based on immune indicators is important for the future development of personalized therapies. We aimed to evaluate the immune landscape of sepsis and the use of immune clusters for identifying sepsis endotypes.

Performance of the digital cell morphology analyzer MC-100i in a multicenter study in tertiary hospitals in China.

Background: This study investigated the performance of the MC-100i, a pre-commercial digital morphology analyzer utilizing a convolutional neural network algorithm, in a multicentric setting involving up to 11 tertiary hospitals in China.

Methods: Blood smears were analyzed by MC-100i, verified by morphologists, and manually differentiated. The classification performance on WBCs and RBCs was evaluated by comparing the classification results using different methods.

Using immune clusters for classifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Background: The differential diagnosis between active tuberculosis (ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is still a challenge worldwide.

Methods: Immune indicators involved in innate, humoral, and cellular immune cells, as well as antigen-specific cells were simultaneously assessed in patients with ATB and LTBI.

Results: Of 54 immune indicators, no indicator could distinguish ATB from LTBI, likely due to an obvious heterogeneity of immune indicators noticed in ATB patients.

Typhimurium with Eight Tandem Copies of on a HI2 Plasmid.

Carbapenem-resistant has recently aroused increasing attention. In this study, a total of four sequence type 36 subsp. serovar Typhimurium ( Typhimurium) isolates were consecutively isolated from an 11-month-old female patient with a gastrointestinal infection, of which one was sensitive to carbapenems and three were resistant to carbapenems.

Water quality and microecosystem of water tanks in karst mountainous area, Southwest China.

Karst mountainous areas in Southwest China, the world's largest bare karst area, are faced with growing water shortages. Rainwater harvesting plays an important role in alleviating water shortage. However, there remains a substantial gap in the research regarding the water quality of tanks.

The pathogenic and clinical characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients with co-infections.

Objective: The study aimed to comprehensively describe and evaluate the pathogenic and clinical characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) patients with co-infections.

Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical data and laboratory indicators of the SFTS patients at Tongji Hospital from October 2021 to July 2023.

Results: A total of 157 patients with SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection were involved in the analysis, including 43 co-infection and 114 non-co-infection patients.

Tandem gene duplications contributed to high-level azole resistance in a rapidly expanding Candida tropicalis population.

Invasive diseases caused by the globally distributed commensal yeast Candida tropicalis are associated with mortality rates of greater than 50%. Notable increases of azole resistance have been observed in this species, particularly within Asia-Pacific regions. Here, we carried out a genetic population study on 1571 global C.

The signature and predictive value of immune parameters in patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Background: Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is a rare but fatal clinical syndrome, characterized by severe immune dysfunction and overwhelming inflammatory response. However, the host immune signature and also its role in predicting the clinical outcome are not fully described.

Objective: The present study aims to investigate the host immune status of sHLH patients in the early stage of the disease, including lymphocyte subsets, phenotypes and cytokines, and also to explore its clinical value in prognosis.

Comparing the broth enrichment-multiplex lateral flow immunochromatographic assay with real time quantitative PCR for the rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing organisms in rectal swabs.

Background: Rapid and accurate identification of carbapenemase-producing organism (CPO) intestinal carriers is essential for infection prevention and control. Molecular diagnostic methods can produce results in as little as 1 h, but require special instrumentation and are expensive. Therefore, it is urgent to find an alternative method.

Convolutional neural network based on T-SPOT.TB assay promoting the discrimination between active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection.

Objectives: The study aims to investigate the potential of convolutional neural network (CNN) based on spot image of T-SPOT assay for distinguishing active tuberculosis (ATB) from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).

Methods: CNN was applied to recognize and classify T-SPOT spot image. Logistic regression was used to establish prediction model based on CNN.

A multicenter investigation of 2,773 cases of bloodstream infections based on China antimicrobial surveillance network (CHINET).

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs), especially hospital-acquired BSIs, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. However, the details about the pathogens and antimicrobial resistance profile of BSIs across China are still lacking.

Methods: An investigation was conducted in 10 large teaching hospitals from seven geographic regions across China in 2016 based on China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network (CHINET) to profile the clinical and etiological features of BSIs.

Development of diagnostic algorithm using machine learning for distinguishing between active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection.

Background: The discrimination between active tuberculosis (ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains challenging. The present study aims to investigate the value of diagnostic models established by machine learning based on multiple laboratory data for distinguishing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection status.

Methods: T-SPOT, lymphocyte characteristic detection, and routine laboratory tests were performed on participants.

Heavy metal habitat: A novel framework for mapping heavy metal contamination over large-scale catchment with a species distribution model.

Heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) have been consistently entering the food chain, imposing great harm on environment and public health. However, previous studies on the spatial dynamics and transport mechanism of HMs have been profoundly limited by the field sampling issues, such as the uneven observations of individual carriers and their spatial mismatch, especially over large-scale catchments with complex environment. In this study, a novel methodological framework for mapping HMs at catchment scale was proposed and applied, combining a species distribution model (SDM) with physical environment and human variables.