OX40 ligand promotes follicular helper T cell differentiation and development in mice with immune thrombocytopenia.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a hemorrhagic autoimmune disease characterized by antibody-mediated platelet injury. ITP has complicated immunopathological mechanisms that need further elucidation. It is well known that the costimulatory molecules OX40 ligand (OX40L) and OX40 play essential roles in the immunological mechanisms of autoimmune diseases.

Thermal performance analysis for roofs with heat mitigation strategies in subtropical hot and humid regions.

The thermal behavior of roofs significantly impacts the indoor thermal environment. Rooftop mitigation strategies (RMS), as effective measures to reduce cooling load and improve indoor thermal comfort, have been extensively studied. However, the lack of comparative experimental RMS studies and the limitations of simulation software in accurately reproducing RMS thermal performance post-implementation highlight research gaps.

Ultra-Tough Copper-Copper Bonding by Nano-Oxide-Dispersed Copper Nanomembranes.

Metal-metal bonding has played a pivotal role in advancing human technologies across various industrial sectors. As devices continue to miniaturize, there is an increasing need for efficient bonding techniques capable of achieving metal-metal bonds at smaller length scales. In this study, a facile but effective bonding technique is developed that enables the bonding of randomly oriented copper with copper nanomembranes under low temperatures and pressures.

Oil-type modulation of the interfacial adsorption behavior of flavonoid-modified walnut protein hydrolysates to improve the storage stability of high internal phase Pickering emulsions.

Background: Currently, protein-polyphenol complexes have garnered increasing attention as surface-active substances in high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs). However, the effects of the oil type and flavonoid structure on the HIPPE-stabilizing ability of protein-polyphenol complexes remain unclear. Notably, very few studies have investigated the impacts and mechanisms of different oils (olive, flaxseed, and coconut oils) and the effects of the addition of flavonoids (catechin and quercetin) on the interfacial behavior of walnut protein hydrolysates (WPHs) and the co-oxidation of protein-lipid in the resulting emulsion during storage.

Regulation of the coordination number of Zn single atoms to boost electrochemical sensing of HO.

Compared with transition metals with partially occupied 3d orbitals, Zn has a filled 3d configuration, which severely restricts electron mobility and hence usually renders Zn intrinsically inactive for electrochemical sensing. Metal single-atom catalysts are a new kind of sensing material. Owing to their unique coordination structure and high atomic utilization rate, metal single-atom catalysts show unique properties, which makes them promising for use in the field of electrochemical sensing.

Oxide-Metal Hybrid Glass Nanomembranes with Exceptional Thermal Stability.

Contrary to oxide or polymeric glasses, metallic glasses are infamously known for their relatively limited thermal stability, which is often characterized by their narrow supercooled liquid regions. Nonetheless, we successfully fabricated metallic-glass based nanomembranes with an ultrahigh thermal ability by a polymer surface buckling enabled exfoliation technique. These nanomembranes exhibit a distinctive nanostructure with nanosized metallic-glasses encapsulated within an interconnected nanoamorphous-oxide network.

Potassium single-atoms anchoring on three-dimensional porous N-doped carbon material as sensing material for boosting electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide.

For the first time potassium single-atoms (K SA) are explored as the sensing material to boost electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide (HO). The N-doped carbon material with a three-dimensional porous structure (3D NG) was prepared using NaCl as the template, and K SA were anchored to the surface of 3D NG through high-temperature pyrolysis. The structure of K SA/3D NG was characterized by TEM, HAADF-STEM, XPS, and XRD.

Elevated temperature affects the expression of signaling molecules in quail testes meiosis I prophase, but spermatogenesis remains normal.

Spermatogenesis in eukaryotes is a process that occurs within a very narrow temperature threshold, typically not exceeding 36 °C. SPO11 was isolated from the temperature-sensitive mutant receptor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is thought to be the only protein that functions during meiosis. This suggested that SPO11 may be the key protein that influenced the temperature of spermatogenesis not exceeding 36 °C.

Selecting effective eletrocatalyst from Cu single-atoms and nanoparticles for realizing highly sensitive electrochemical sensing of glucose and HO.

Which is more suitable as a sensing material between metal single-atoms and nanoparticles? Herein, electrocatalytic behaviors of copper single-atoms (Cu SAs) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) toward HO reduction and glucose oxidation were studied. Surprisingly, the electrocatalytic activity of Cu SAs and CuNPs showed significant differences in HO reduction and glucose oxidation. Compared with CuNPs, Cu SAs exhibit outstanding activity in the electrocatalytic reduction of HO but exhibit weak activity in the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose.

Differential alterations of CXCR3, CXCR5 and CX3CR1 in patients with immune thrombocytopenia.

As a versatile element for maintaining homeostasis, the chemokine system has been reported to be implicated in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, research pertaining to chemokine receptors and related ligands in adult ITP is still limited. The states of several typical chemokine receptors and cognate ligands in the circulation were comparatively assessed through various methodologies.

The Circadian Clock Gene Mediates the Diurnal Emission of the Anti-Insect Volatile Benzyl Nitrile from Damaged Tea () Plants.

Benzyl nitrile from tea plants attacked by various pests displays a diurnal pattern, which may be closely regulated by the endogenous circadian clock. However, the molecular mechanism by the circadian clock of tea plants that regulates the biosynthesis and release of volatiles remains unclear. In this study, the circadian clock gene can activate both the expression of the benzyl nitrile biosynthesis-related gene and the jasmonic acid signaling-related transcription factor involved in upregulating gene, thereby resulting in the accumulation and release of benzyl nitrile.

Tea green leafhopper infestations affect tea plant growth by altering the synthesis of brassinolide.

Tea green leafhoppers are insects widely distributed in major tea-growing areas. At present, less attention has been paid to the study on effect of tea green leafhopper infestation on tea growth phenotype. In this study, tea green leafhoppers were used to treat tea branches in laboratory and co-treated with brassinolide (BL), the highest bioactivity of brassinosteroids (BRs), in tea garden.

Dual single atomic Ni sites constructing Janus hollow graphene for boosting electrochemical sensing of glucose.

Single atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted attention due to their excellent catalysis activity under specific reactions and conditions. However, the low density of SACs greatly limits catalytic performance. The three-dimensional graphene hollow nanospheres (GHSs) with very thin shell structure can be used as excellent carrier materials.

Intrinsic tensile ductility in strain hardening multiprincipal element metallic glass.

Traditional metallic glasses (MGs), based on one or two principal elements, are notoriously known for their lack of tensile ductility at room temperature. Here, we developed a multiprincipal element MG (MPEMG), which exhibits a gigapascal yield strength, significant strain hardening that almost doubles its yield strength, and 2% uniform tensile ductility at room temperature. These remarkable properties stem from the heterogeneous amorphous structure of our MPEMG, which is composed of atoms with significant size mismatch but similar atomic fractions.

Ultra-Efficient and Cost-Effective Platinum Nanomembrane Electrocatalyst for Sustainable Hydrogen Production.

Hydrogen production through hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) offers a promising solution to combat climate change by replacing fossil fuels with clean energy sources. However, the widespread adoption of efficient electrocatalysts, such as platinum (Pt), has been hindered by their high cost. In this study, we developed an easy-to-implement method to create ultrathin Pt nanomembranes, which catalyze HER at a cost significantly lower than commercial Pt/C and comparable to non-noble metal electrocatalysts.

Biosynthetic Pathway and Bioactivity of Vanillin, a Highly Abundant Metabolite Distributed in the Root Cortex of Tea Plants ().

Volatiles are important for plant root stress resistance. The diseases in tea root are serious, causing major losses. The volatile composition in tea root and whether it can resist diseases remain unclear.

Effect of the biosynthesis of the volatile compound phenylacetaldehyde on chloroplast modifications in tea () plants.

Plant volatile compounds have important physiological and ecological functions. Phenylacetaldehyde (PAld), a volatile phenylpropanoid/benzenoid, accumulates in the leaves of tea () plants grown under continuous shading. This study was conducted to determine whether PAld production is correlated with light and to elucidate the physiological functions of PAld in tea plants.

Ultrastrong yet Ductile 2D Titanium Nanomaterial for On-Skin Conformal Triboelectric Sensing.

Conventional titanium (e.g., bulk or thin films) is well-known for its relatively high mechanical strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and superior biocompatibility, which are suitable for biomedical engineering and wearable devices.

Contrasting terpene emissions from canopy and understory vegetation in response to increases in nitrogen deposition and seasonal changes in precipitation.

Given global change and shifts in climate are expected to increase BVOC emissions, the quantification of links between environmental conditions, plant physiology, and terpene emission dynamics is required to improve model predictions of ecosystem responses to increasing nitrogen deposition and changes in precipitation regimes. Here, we conducted a two-factor field experiment in sub-tropical forest plots to determine effects of N addition (N), precipitation change (PC), and NP (N and PC combined treatment) on wet and dry season terpene emissions and leaf photosynthetic parameters from canopy and understory species. Changes of β-ocimene and sabinene under PC and NP in the wet season (0.

Natural allelic variation confers high resistance to sweet potato weevils in sweet potato.

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a major root crop worldwide. Sweet potato weevils (SPWs) pose one of the most significant challenges to sweet potato production in tropical and subtropical regions, causing deleterious economic and environmental effects.

Involvement of histone deacetylase CsHDA2 in regulating ()-nerolidol formation in tea () exposed to tea green leafhopper infestation.

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) help the tea plant () adapt to environmental stress, and they are also quality-related components of tea. However, the upstream mechanism regulating the herbivore-induced expression of volatile biosynthesis genes is unclear, especially at the level of epigenetic regulation. In this study, similar to the effects of a tea green leafhopper infestation, treatments with exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and histone deacetylase inhibitors significantly increased the ()-nerolidol content in tea and induced the expression of the associated biosynthesis gene .

Light synergistically promotes the tea green leafhopper infestation-induced accumulation of linalool oxides and their glucosides in tea (Camellia sinensis).

Linalool, which is one of the most representative aroma substances in tea, is transformed into other aroma-related compounds, including linalool 3,6-oxides and linalool 3,7-oxides. The objective of this study was to elucidate the linalool oxide synthesis pathway and its response to stress in tea. By feeding experiment, chemical synthesis, and compound analysis, it was found that linalool can be transformed to linalool oxides via 6,7-epoxylinalool.