The sandwich technique used for correction of pectus carinatum combined with Harrison sulcus.

We aimed to investigate the feasibility of the sandwich technique to treat pectus carinatum combined with Harrison sulcus. We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 38 paediatric patients with pectus carinatum combined with Harrison sulcus treated from June 2015 to October 2022. All the patients underwent surgery using the sandwich technique.

The shape of reactive nitrogen losses from intensive farmland in China.

Reactive nitrogen (N) pollution has changed radically accompanied by severe intensive farming. This pollution further contributes to ecological degradation and climate warming. Despite this recognition, little is known about the spatial pattern of various N loss from croplands and corresponding environmental costs.

Effect of minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum on postoperative chest flatness, cardiopulmonary function, and bone metabolism indexes in children at different ages.

Objective: To observe the effects of minimally invasive surgical repair of pectus excavatum (NUSS) on the degree of chest flatness, cardiopulmonary function, and bone metabolism indexes in children of various age groups.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 62 children with pectus excavatum admitted to our hospital were divided into two groups: group A (3-12 years old) and group B (>12 years old), with 31 cases in each group. All of them were treated with NUSS.

Deceleration of Cropland-NO Emissions in China and Future Mitigation Potentials.

Agricultural soils are the largest anthropogenic emission source of nitrous oxide (NO). National agricultural policies have been implemented to increase crop yield and reduce nitrogen (N) losses to the environment. However, it is difficult to effectively quantify crop-specific and regional NO mitigation priorities driven by policies, due to lack of long-term, high-resolution crop-specific activity data, and oversimplified models.

Can cropland management practices lower net greenhouse emissions without compromising yield?

Smart cropland management practices can mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while safeguarding food security. However, the integrated effects on net greenhouse gas budget (NGHGB) and grain yield from different management practices remain poorly defined and vary with environmental and application conditions. Here, we conducted a global meta-analysis on 347 observation sets of non-CO GHG (CH and N O) emissions and grain yield, and 412 observations of soil organic carbon sequestration rate (SOCSR).

Orthotic Bracing or Minimally Invasive Surgery? A Summary of 767 Pectus Carinatum Cases for 9 Years.

Orthotic bracing and minimally invasive surgery are currently the treatment methods for pectus carinatum. We present our experience with the advantages, method selection criteria, and precautions for both treatment methods. A total of 767 pediatric patients (596 boys and 171 girls) with pectus carinatum were retrospectively analyzed.

Data-driven estimates of global nitrous oxide emissions from croplands.

Croplands are the single largest anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (NO) globally, yet their estimates remain difficult to verify when using Tier 1 and 3 methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Here, we re-evaluate global cropland-NO emissions in 1961-2014, using N-rate-dependent emission factors (EFs) upscaled from 1206 field observations in 180 global distributed sites and high-resolution N inputs disaggregated from sub-national surveys covering 15593 administrative units. Our results confirm IPCC Tier 1 default EFs for upland crops in 1990-2014, but give a ∼15% lower EF in 1961-1989 and a ∼67% larger EF for paddy rice over the full period.

Measurement of NO emissions over the whole year is necessary for estimating reliable emission factors.

Nitrous oxide emission factors (NO-EF, percentage of NO-N emissions arising from applied fertilizer N) for cropland emission inventories can vary with agricultural management, soil properties and climate conditions. Establishing a regionally-specific EF usually requires the measurement of a whole year of NO emissions, whereas most studies measure NO emissions only during the crop growing season, neglecting emissions during non-growing periods. However, the difference in NO-EF (ΔEF) estimated using measurements over a whole year (EF) and those based on measurement only during the crop-growing season (EF) has received little attention.

Weakened growth of cropland-N O emissions in China associated with nationwide policy interventions.

China has experienced rapid agricultural development over recent decades, accompanied by increased fertilizer consumption in croplands; yet, the trend and drivers of the associated nitrous oxide (N O) emissions remain uncertain. The primary sources of this uncertainty are the coarse spatial variation of activity data and the incomplete model representation of N O emissions in response to agricultural management. Here, we provide new data-driven estimates of cropland-N O emissions across China in 1990-2014, compiled using a global cropland-N O flux observation dataset, nationwide survey-based reconstruction of N-fertilization and irrigation, and an updated nonlinear model.

Quantifying nitrogen leaching response to fertilizer additions in China's cropland.

Agricultural soils account for more than 50% of nitrogen leaching (LN) to groundwater in China. When excess levels of nitrogen accumulate in groundwater, it poses a risk of adverse health effects. Despite this recognition, estimation of LN from cropland soils in a broad spatial scale is still quite uncertain in China.

Re-estimating NH3 Emissions from Chinese Cropland by a New Nonlinear Model.

Ammonia (NH3) released to the atmosphere leads to a cascade of impacts on the environment, yet estimation of NH3 volatilization from cropland soils (VNH3) in a broad spatial scale is still quite uncertain in China. This mainly stems from nonlinear relationships between VNH3 and relevant factors. On the basis of 495 site-years of measurements at 78 sites across Chinese croplands, we developed a nonlinear Bayesian tree regression model to determine how environmental factors modulate the local derivative of VNH3 to nitrogen application rates (Nrate) (VR, %).

A new high-resolution N2O emission inventory for China in 2008.

The amount and geographic distribution of N2O emissions over China remain largely uncertain. In this study, county-level and 0.1° × 0.

Repair of hand scars by a dilated deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap.

We have investigated the mapping of several deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEAP) vessels in each patient, the effect of tissue expansion on the variation in the diameter of the DIEAP vessel, and the clinical effect of repair of hand scars by applying a dilated DIEAP flap. From 2000 to 2009, we did some research on this flap using a Doppler probe and computed tomographic (CT) angiography, and found that the inferior epigastric arteries are distributed between 4 cm above the umbilicus and 8 cm below the umbilicus. Most of the vessels are distributed in zones I, II, and III according to the Rand zonal approach.

[Distribution of deep inferior epigastric perforator vessel and application of the expanded perforator flaps].

Objective: To explore the distribution of deep inferior epigastric perforator vessel and application of the expanded perforator flap for large scar on hand and forearm.

Methods: 20 healthy adults were selected to detect the distribution of deep inferior epigastric perforator vessel. 10 cases with cicatricial constriction on hand and forearm were treated with expanded perforator flap.