Deep learning-based multi-task prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy using multiscale whole slide images in breast cancer: A multicenter study.

Objective: Early predicting response before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is crucial for personalized treatment plans for locally advanced breast cancer patients. We aim to develop a multi-task model using multiscale whole slide images (WSIs) features to predict the response to breast cancer NAC more finely.

Methods: This work collected 1,670 whole slide images for training and validation sets, internal testing sets, external testing sets, and prospective testing sets of the weakly-supervised deep learning-based multi-task model (DLMM) in predicting treatment response and pCR to NAC.

WDR2 regulates the orphan kinesin KIN-G to promote hook complex and Golgi biogenesis in .

The flagellum in plays crucial roles in cell locomotion, cell morphogenesis, and cell division, and its inheritance depends on the faithful duplication of multiple flagellum-associated structures. One of such cytoskeletal structures is a hairpin-like structure termed the hook complex composed of a fishhook-like structure and a centrin arm structure, whose cellular functions remain poorly understood. We recently identified KIN-G, an orphan kinesin that promotes hook complex and Golgi biogenesis.

The microtubule-severing enzyme spastin regulates spindle dynamics to promote chromosome segregation in .

Microtubule-severing enzymes play essential roles in regulating diverse cellular processes, including mitosis and cytokinesis, by modulating microtubule dynamics. In the early branching protozoan parasite , microtubule-severing enzymes are involved in cytokinesis and flagellum length control during different life cycle stages, but none of them have been found to regulate mitosis in any life cycle form. Here, we report the biochemical and functional characterization of the microtubule-severing enzyme spastin in the procyclic form of .

Inhibition of Selenoprotein I promotes ferroptosis and reverses resistance to platinum chemotherapy by impairing Akt phosphorylation in ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OV) ranks among the deadliest gynecological cancer, known for its high risk of relapse and metastasis, and a general resistance to conventional platinum-based chemotherapy. Selenoprotein I (SELENOI) is a crucial mediator implicated in human hereditary spastic paraplegia. However, its role in human tumors remains poorly elucidated.

Development and Validation of a Deep Learning System to Differentiate HER2-Zero, HER2-Low, and HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Based on Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI.

Background: Previous studies explored MRI-based radiomic features for differentiating between human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-zero, HER2-low, and HER2-positive breast cancer, but deep learning's effectiveness is uncertain.

Purpose: This study aims to develop and validate a deep learning system using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) for automated tumor segmentation and classification of HER2-zero, HER2-low, and HER2-positive statuses.

Study Type: Retrospective.

NuSAP4 regulates chromosome segregation in Trypanosoma brucei by promoting bipolar spindle assembly.

Faithful chromosome segregation in eukaryotes requires the assembly of a bipolar spindle and the faithful attachment of kinetochores to spindle microtubules, which are regulated by various spindle-associated proteins (SAPs) that play distinct functions in regulating spindle dynamics and microtubule-kinetochore attachment. The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei employs evolutionarily conserved and kinetoplastid-specific proteins, including some kinetoplastid-specific nucleus- and spindle-associated proteins (NuSAPs), to regulate chromosome segregation. Here, we characterized NuSAP4 and its functional interplay with diverse SAPs in promoting chromosome segregation in T.

An orphan kinesin in regulates hook complex assembly and Golgi biogenesis.

Kinesins are microtubule-based motor proteins that play diverse cellular functions by regulating microtubule dynamics and intracellular transport in eukaryotes. The early branching kinetoplastid protozoan has an expanded repertoire of kinetoplastid-specific kinesins and orphan kinesins, many of which have unknown functions. We report here the identification of an orphan kinesin named KIN-G that plays an essential role in maintaining hook complex integrity and promoting Golgi biogenesis in .

Bioaccessibility and bioavailability assessment of cadmium in rice: In vitro simulators with/without gut microbiota and validation through in vivo mouse and human data.

Assessing the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) is crucial for effective evaluation of the exposure risk associated with intake of Cd-contaminated rice. However, limited studies have investigated the influence of gut microbiota on these two significant factors. In this study, we utilized in vitro gastrointestinal simulators, specifically the RIVM-M (with human gut microbial communities) and the RIVM model (without gut microbial communities), to determine the bioaccessibility of Cd in rice.

Multiregional dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI-based integrated system for predicting pathological complete response of axillary lymph node to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: multicentre study.

Background: The accurate evaluation of axillary lymph node (ALN) response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer holds great value. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence system utilising multiregional dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and clinicopathological characteristics to predict axillary pathological complete response (pCR) after NAC in breast cancer.

Methods: This study included retrospective and prospective datasets from six medical centres in China between May 2018 and December 2023.

Exploring the plasmodesmata callose-binding protein gene family in upland cotton: unraveling insights for enhancing fiber length.

Plasmodesmata are transmembrane channels embedded within the cell wall that can facilitate the intercellular communication in plants. Plasmodesmata callose-binding (PDCB) protein that associates with the plasmodesmata contributes to cell wall extension. Given that the elongation of cotton fiber cells correlates with the dynamics of the cell wall, this protein can be related to the cotton fiber elongation.

Endoscopic ultrasound features of rectal melanoma: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Rectal mucosal melanoma is a rare and highly aggressive disease. Common symptoms include anal pain, an anal mass, or bleeding. As such, the disease is usually detected on rectal examination of patients with other suspected anorectal diseases.

[Ursolic acid improved demyelination and interstitial fluid drainage disorders in schizophrenia mice].

Objective: To unveil the pathological changes associated with demyelination in schizophrenia (SZ) and its consequential impact on interstitial fluid (ISF) drainage, and to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of ursolic acid (UA) in treating demyelination and the ensuing abnormalities in ISF drainage in SZ.

Methods: Female C57BL/6J mice, aged 6-8 weeks and weighing (20±2) g, were randomly divided into three groups: control, SZ model, and UA treatment. The control group received intraperitoneal injection (ip) of physiological saline and intragastric administration (ig) of 1% carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na).

Angular uniformity improvement of diffractive waveguide display based on region geometry optimization.

Augmented reality (AR) near-eye displays have significantly progressed due to advances in nanostructure fabrication. However, for diffractive waveguide AR displays requiring exit pupil expansion, the angular uniformity of each exit pupil position still needs to improve. In this paper, an angular uniformity improvement method based on region geometry optimization is proposed.

Geniposide reduced oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cell through PI3K/AKT3/FOXO1 by m6A modification.

Exogenous hydrogen peroxide (HO) may generate excessive oxidative stress, inducing renal cell apoptosis related with kidney dysfunction. Geniposide (GP) belongs to the iridoid compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. This study aimed to observe the intervention effect of GP on HO-induced apoptosis in human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells and to explore its potential mechanism in relation to N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation.

Exploring the Antibacterial Potential and Underlying Mechanisms of L. on Methicillin-Resistant .

L. (PV) is a widely distributed plant species, known for its versatile applications in both traditional and contemporary medicine, as well as in functional food development. Despite its broad-spectrum antimicrobial utility, the specific mechanism of antibacterial action remains elusive.

A bibliometric analysis of literatures on uterine leiomyosarcoma in the last 20 years.

Background: Uterine leiomyosarcoma(uLMS) is a rare malignant tumor with low clinical specificity and poor prognosis.There are many studies related to uLMS, however, there is still a lack of metrological analyses with generalization. This study provides a bibliometric study of uLMS.

Synthesis and application of multifunctional lignin-modified cationic waterborne polyurethane in textiles.

Waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) often have limitations like inadequate weathering resistance and thermal stability. To overcome these shortcomings, lignin has been selected as a modifier for its abundant availability, renewability, and biocompatibility. This study synthesized a cationic WPU using isophorone diisocyanate and polyethylene glycol as raw materials.

A kinesin-13 family kinesin in Trypanosoma brucei regulates cytokinesis and cytoskeleton morphogenesis by promoting microtubule bundling.

The early branching eukaryote Trypanosoma brucei divides uni-directionally along the longitudinal cell axis from the cell anterior toward the cell posterior, and the cleavage furrow ingresses along the cell division plane between the new and the old flagella of a dividing bi-flagellated cell. Regulation of cytokinesis in T. brucei involves actomyosin-independent machineries and trypanosome-specific signaling pathways, but the molecular mechanisms underlying cell division plane positioning remain poorly understood.

Corrigendum to "GB7 acetate, a alkaloid from , possesses anticancer effects in colorectal cancer cells" [J. Pharm. Anal. 12 (2022) 339-349].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.

Assessment of osteopontin as an early nephrotoxicity indicator in human renal proximal tubule cells and its application in evaluating lanthanum-induced nephrotoxicity.

Nephrotoxicity is a common adverse effect induced by various chemicals, necessitating the development of reliable toxicity screening models for nephrotoxicity assessment. In this study, we assessed a group of nephrotoxicity indicators derived from different toxicity pathways, including conventional endpoints and kidney tubular injury biomarkers such as clusterin (CLU), kidney injury molecule-I (KIM-1), osteopontin (OPN), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), using HK-2 and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived renal proximal tubular epithelial-like cells (PTLs). Among the biomarkers tested, OPN emerged as the most discerning and precise marker.

The microtubule quartet protein SNAP1 in Trypanosoma brucei facilitates flagellum and cell division plane positioning by promoting basal body segregation.

The unicellular protozoan Trypanosoma brucei has a single flagellum that is involved in cell motility, cell morphogenesis, and cell division. Inheritance of the newly assembled flagellum during the cell cycle requires its correct positioning, which depends on the faithful duplication or segregation of multiple flagellum-associated cytoskeletal structures, including the basal body, the flagellum attachment zone, and the hook complex. Along the flagellum attachment zone sites a set of four microtubules termed the microtubule quartet (MtQ), whose molecular function remains enigmatic.

CBX4 promotes antitumor immunity by suppressing Pdcd1 expression in T cells.

E3 SUMO-protein ligase CBX4 (CBX4), a key component of polycomb-repressive complexes 1 (PRC1), has been reported to regulate a variety of genes implicated in tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. However, its role in T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity remains elusive. To shed light on this issue, we generated mice with T-cell-specific deletion of Cbx4.

An aqueous extract of Prunella vulgaris L. ameliorates cadmium-induced bone loss by promoting osteogenic differentiation in female rats.

Cadmium (Cd) causes bone loss, concerning inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Prunella vulgaris L. (PV) has the potential for promoting osteogenic differentiation, but its influence on Cd-induced bone loss is unclear.