Aeromonas hydrophila was a common opportunistic pathogen that was widely found in various aquatic environment and could cause multiple infections in humans and animals. The haemorrhagic septicemia and bacterial enteritis in fish triggered by this pathogen led to significant losses in the aquaculture industry. In this study, we aimed to develop a phage lysate vaccine by lysing the A.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb can overcome macrophage intracellular killing and lead to persistent infections. The proteases of Mtb are critical virulence factors that participate in immune responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFl-Arginine serves as a carbon and nitrogen source and is critical for (Mtb) survival in the host. Generally, ArgR acts as a repressor regulating arginine biosynthesis by binding to the promoter of the gene cluster. In this study, we report that the dormancy regulator DosR is a novel arginine regulator binding to the promoter region of (), which regulates arginine synthesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtracellular DNases/nucleases are important virulence factors in many bacteria. However, no DNase/nucleases have been reported in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), which is a pathogen of paratuberculosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatatin-like phospholipases (PLPs) are important virulence factors of many pathogens. However, there are no prevailing studies regarding PLPs as a virulence factor of (Mtb). Analysis of Rv3091, a putative protein of Mtb, shows that it belongs to the PLPs family.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfections by many bacterial pathogens rely on their ability to degrade host glycans by producing glycoside hydrolases (GHs). Here, we discovered a conserved multifunctional GH, SsGalNagA, containing a unique combination of two family 32 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM), a GH16 domain and a GH20 domain, in the zoonotic pathogen 05ZYH33. Enzymatic assays revealed that the SsCBM-GH16 domain displays -(β1,4)-galactosidase activity specifically toward the host-derived αGal epitope Gal(α1,3)Gal(β1,4)Glc(NAc)-R, whereas the SsGH20 domain has a wide spectrum of -β--acetylhexosaminidase activities, including -(β1,3)--acetylglucosaminidase activity, and employs this activity to act in tandem with SsCBM-GH16 on the αGal-epitope glycan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVitamins are essential nutrients and key cofactors of enzymes that regulate cellular metabolism, and also activate the immune system. Recent studies have shown that vitamin B1 (V ) and vitamin C (Vc) can inhibit growth, but the precise mechanism is still not well understood. In the present study, we have used RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to analyze the transcriptional, metabolic and methylation profiles of BCG when treated with V and Vc.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSerine protease is the virulence factor of many pathogens. However, there are no prevailing data available for serine protease as a virulence factor derived from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) serine proteases are important pathogen-associated virulence factors that are involved in the invasion, bacterial persistence, and degradation of host defense factors. The current study identified and characterized a novel serine protease, Rv3194c, of MTB. A heterologous Rv3194c protein, purified from Escherichia coli, possessed proteolytic activity that could hydrolyze bovine serum albumin (BSA), milk, casein, and gelatin at an optimal temperature of 40 °C and a pH of 8.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Vitamin B (V) is a crucial dietary nutrient and essential cofactor for several key enzymes in the regulation of cellular and metabolic processes, and more importantly in the activation of immune system. To date, the precise role of V in Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains to be fully understood.
Results: In this study, the transcriptional and metabolic profiles of V-treated Mycobacterium.
The capacity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive and cause disease is strongly correlated with its ability to escape multiple defense strategies in hosts. In particular, M. tuberculosis has the remarkable capacity to survive within the hostile environment of macrophages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFis the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), which mainly causes pulmonary injury and tubercles. Although macrophages are generally considered to harbor the main cells of , new evidence suggests that neutrophils are rapidly recruited to the infected lung. itself, or its early secreted antigenic target protein 6 (ESAT-6), can induce formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFis a fast-growing species of saprophytic bacteria that is widely distributed. To understand the host immune responses induced by isolated from bovine submaxillary lymph nodes, C57BL/6 mice were infected with reference strain Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and isolated using intraperitoneal injections. Comparison of the bacterial replication and organ pathology between and BCG revealed that was more malignant than in mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHemorrhagic pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains one of the most costly infectious diseases among farmed mink and commonly leads to large economic losses during mink production. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of using phages as a therapy against hemorrhagic pneumonia in mink. A broad-host-range phage from the Podoviridae family, YH30, was isolated using the mink-originating P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe treatment, in farmed mink, of hemorrhagic pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains has become increasingly difficult. This study investigated the potential use of phages as a therapy against hemorrhagic pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa in a murine hemorrhagic pneumonia model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPseudomonas aeruginosa poses a major threat to human health and to the mink industry. Thus, development of vaccines that elicit robust humoral and cellular immunity against P. aeruginosa is greatly needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that localizes to and colonizes mucosal tissue. Thus, vaccines that elicit a strong mucosal response against P. aeruginosa should be superior to other vaccination strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe lysin LysGH15, which is derived from the staphylococcal phage GH15, demonstrates a wide lytic spectrum and strong lytic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Here, we find that the lytic activity of the full-length LysGH15 and its CHAP domain is dependent on calcium ions. To elucidate the molecular mechanism, the structures of three individual domains of LysGH15 were determined.
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